{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T18:25:39Z","timestamp":1768674339446,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work evaluates the effects of using non-conforming fly ash (Nc-FA) generated in a thermoelectric power plant as filler material for mortars made with natural sand (NA) and recycled sand from masonry waste (FRMA). The incorporation of powdered recycled masonry filler (R-MF) is also tested as an alternative to siliceous filler (Si-F). Three families of mortars were designed to study: the effect of replacing Si-F with Nc-FA on mortars made with NA; the effect of replacing Si-F with Nc-FA on mortars made with 50% of NA and 50% of FRMA; and the effect of replacing Si-F with R-MF on mortars made with NA and FRMA. Replacing Si-F with Nc-FA is a viable alternative that increases the mechanical strength, the workability and durability properties and decreases the shrinkage. The use of FRMA and Nc-FA improved the mechanical strength of mortars, and it slightly increased the shrinkage. The replacement of Si-F with R-MF on mortars made with FRMA is not a good alternative, because it has a negative impact on all of the properties tested. This work can help both to reduce cement and natural resources\u2019 consumption and to increase the recycling rate of Nc-FA and FRMA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9090729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T10:11:44Z","timestamp":1472119904000},"page":"729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Combined Effects of Non-Conforming Fly Ash and Recycled Masonry Aggregates on Mortar Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Torres-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Construction Engineering Area, EPS de BELMEZ, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba 14002, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3744-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics, EPS de BELMEZ, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba 14002, Spain"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inorganic Chemical Area, Faculty of Science, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba 14071, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0809-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inorganic Chemical Area, Faculty of Science, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba 14071, Spain"},{"name":"Inorganic Chemical Area, EPS de BELMEZ, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba 14002, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8414-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Construction Engineering Area, EPS de BELMEZ, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba 14002, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"De Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS-ICIST, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Eurostat Statistics Explained. Energy Production and Imports. Available online: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Energy_production_and_imports."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"European Coal Combustion Products Association e. V. (ECOBA). Available online: http:\/\/www.ecoba.com\/ecobaccpprod.html."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Bech, N., and Feuerborn, H.J. (2011, January 18). Ash quality in Europe-Primary and secondary measures. Proceedings of the World of Coal Ash Conference, Denver, CO, USA."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Carroll, R.A. (2015, January 4\u20137). Coal Combustion Products in the United Kingdom and the Potential of Stockpile Ash. Proceedings of the Word of Coal Ash Conference, Nashville, TN, USA."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"European Union Decision 2014\/955\/UE. 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