{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T08:08:19Z","timestamp":1762070899684,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Machines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, the automation of factory floors is necessary for extensive manufacturing processes to meet the ever-increasing competitiveness of current markets. The technological advances applied to the digital platforms have led many businesses to automate their manufacturing processes, introducing robotic manipulators collaborating with human operators to achieve new productivity, manufacturing quality, and safety levels. However, regardless of the amount of optimization implemented, some quality problems may be introduced in production lines with many products being designed and produced. This project proposes a solution for feature extraction that can be applied to automatic shape- and position-detection using a 2-dimension (2D) industrial laser to extract 3-dimension (3D) data where the movement of the item adds the third dimension through the laser\u2019s beam. The main goal is data acquisition and analysis. This analysis will later lead to the generation of trajectories for a robotic manipulator. The results of this application proved reliable given their small measurement error values of a maximum of 2 mm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/machines10100907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T01:43:11Z","timestamp":1665279791000},"page":"907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Data Analysis for Trajectory Generation for a Robot Manipulator Using Data from a 2D Industrial Laser"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3581-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FEUP\u2014Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeDRI\u2014Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0257-4361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laiany","family":"Brancali\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeDRI\u2014Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRESTEL\u2014Produtos Cer\u00e2micos, S.A., 3840-385 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7757-7308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEUP\u2014Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"SYSTEC (DIGI2)\u2014Research Center for Systems and Technologies (Digital and Intelligent Industry Lab), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4846-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEUP\u2014Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC\u2014Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, CRIIS\u2014Centrefor Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems, Campus of FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5499-1730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeDRI\u2014Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC\u2014Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, CRIIS\u2014Centrefor Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems, Campus of FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7840-0333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor H.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEUP\u2014Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"SYSTEC (DIGI2)\u2014Research Center for Systems and Technologies (Digital and Intelligent Industry Lab), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2019.02.007","article-title":"Applications of 3D point cloud data in the construction industry: A fifteen-year review from 2004 to 2018","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inform."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-019-09320-4","article-title":"Computational Methods of Acquisition and Processing of 3D Point Cloud Data for Construction Applications","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22306\/asim.v4i3.44","article-title":"3D SCANING\u2014TECHNOLOGY AND RECONSTRUCTION","volume":"4","author":"Rosocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Simulatio"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"ASPRS (2022, June 26). Guidelines for Procurement of Professional Aerial Imagery, Photogrammetry, Lidar and Related Remote Sensor-Based Geospatial Mapping Services. p. 4. Available online: https:\/\/www.asprs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pers\/1989journal\/jul\/1989_jul_979-984.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9457(96)00048-6","article-title":"Fundamentals of videogrammetry\u2014A review","volume":"16","author":"Gruen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carbone, G., and Gomez-Bravo, F. (2015). Path Planning and Trajectory Planning Algorithms: A General Overview. Motion and Operation Planning of Robotic Systems: Background and Practical Approaches, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14705-5"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.07.119","article-title":"CAD-based robot path planning and simulation using OPEN CASCADE","volume":"133","author":"Bedaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Wang, J., Cao, F., Li, Y., and Chen, X. (2016, January 29\u201331). 3D curvature grinding path planning based on point cloud data. Proceedings of the 2016 12th IEEE\/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications (MESA), Auckland, New Zealand.","DOI":"10.1109\/MESA.2016.7587150"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2022, June 25). 0ctree. Available online: http:\/\/www.open3d.org\/docs\/latest\/tutorial\/geometry\/octree.html."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2022, June 25). K Dimensional Tree | Set 1 (Search and Insert). Available online: https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/k-dimensional-tree\/."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tryba\u0142a, P., Blachowski, J., B\u0142a\u017cej, R., and Zimroz, R. (2020). Damage Detection Based on 3D Point Cloud Data Processing from Laser Scanning of Conveyor Belt Surface. Remote. Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13010055"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.5772\/56753","article-title":"Interactive Industrial Robot Programming for the Ceramic Industry","volume":"10","author":"Veiga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17298814211012851","DOI":"10.1177\/17298814211012851","article-title":"Development of robotic polishing\/fettling system on ceramic pots","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohsin, I., He, K., Cai, J., Chen, H., and Du, R. (2017, January 18\u201320). Robotic polishing with force controlled end effector and multi-step path planning. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation, Macao, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICInfA.2017.8078931"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Kassow Robots ApS, Oliefabriksvej 57 2770 Kastrup Denmark (2022, June 30). Kassow Robots: Software Manual, Version: 1.2.1 en01 ed. Available online: https:\/\/www.kassowrobots.com\/products\/kr810\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez, M., Brancali\u00e3o, L., Gomes, D., Pinto, V., Carneiro, J., Santos, J., Coelho, J.P., and Gon\u00e7alves, J. (2022). Prototyping and Control of an Automatic Ceramic Tableware Finishing Device, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-10047-5_15"}],"container-title":["Machines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1702\/10\/10\/907\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:48:14Z","timestamp":1760143694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1702\/10\/10\/907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["machines10100907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/machines10100907","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1702"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-1702"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]}}}