{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:46:55Z","timestamp":1773118015861,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["LA\/P\/0063\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0063\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Machines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last few years, the industrial, scientific, and technological fields have been subject to a revolutionary process of digitalization and automation called Industry 4.0. Its implementation has been successful mainly in the economic field of sustainability, while the environmental field has been gaining more attention from researchers recently. However, the social scope of Industry 4.0 is still somewhat neglected by researchers and organizations. This research aimed to study Industry 4.0 and sustainability themes using data science, by incorporating open data and open-source tools to achieve sustainable Industry 4.0. To that end, a quantitative analysis based on open data was developed using open-source software in order to study Industry 4.0 and sustainability trends. The main results show that manufacturing is a relevant value-added activity in the worldwide economy; that, foreseeing the importance of Industry 4.0, countries in America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania are incorporating technological principles of Industry 4.0 in their cities, creating so-called smart cities; and that the industries that invest most in technology are computers and electronics, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, and IT (information technology) services. Furthermore, the G7 countries have a prevalent positive trend for the migration of technological and social skills toward sustainability, as it relates to the social pillar, and to Industry 4.0. Finally, on the global scale, a positive correlation between data openness and happiness was found.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/machines11040452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T02:03:00Z","timestamp":1680573780000},"page":"452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Data Science for Industry 4.0 and Sustainability: A Survey and Analysis Based on Open Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5712-9954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lio","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEP\u2014School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEP\u2014School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5323-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data CoLAB, Av. de Cabo Verde, 1, 4900-568 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEP\u2014School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Cruz-Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Ai\u2014Applied Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Technology, IPCA, 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9635-5372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Ai\u2014Applied Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Technology, IPCA, 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3378-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran D.","family":"Putnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEP\u2014School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2022.101997","article-title":"Social Sustainability in The Age of Digitalization: A Systematic Literature Review on The Social Implications of Industry 4.0","volume":"70","author":"Grybauskas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technol. 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