{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:35:42Z","timestamp":1760150142639,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Machines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With a view to maintaining the competitiveness required by the market, the automotive industry strongly encourages its suppliers to develop new production methods and technologies capable of reducing the costs of produced products, ensuring the necessary quality, and increasing flexibility, with a view to responding more easily to the customization of the products that the market increasingly demands. The main goal of this work was to increase the flexibility and productivity of equipment capable of producing the first subset that constitutes the product commonly known as the Bowden cable. To this end, the design science research methodology was used, which was understood as the most effective in describing scientific work related to the improvement of existing systems. Bowden cables are cables that activate various devices in the car, such as opening doors, moving window glasses, and adjusting some car seats, among others. The work consisted of integrating several operations usually carried out for the manufacture of the referred subset, reducing logistics operations and manual work, increasing operator safety, and increasing the production rate and flexibility of the equipment, by reducing the setup time. For this purpose, new mechanical concepts were developed, and automation was applied, which resulted in a completely new concept, able to fulfill all the objectives initially set. It should be noted here that the new equipment allowed a production rate of 1140 p\/h, when the initial objective was 1100 p\/h; it requires an investment of only around EUR 55,000 (easy return on investment), occupies only 11.6 m2, and has reinforced safety systems to avoid workers\u2019 injuries, an aspect that is very important in this type of equipment, where operators deal with cutting systems and high temperatures. The dissemination of this concept could help other researchers to easily find solutions to certain problems that they face in the development of modern equipment. The main contributions of this paper are the novel concepts created to overcome some process difficulties, which can be used for a wide range of other processing situations with similar difficulties. The solutions proposed allow a decrease in the cycle time, present high flexibility, save workshop space, and are affordable in terms of global cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/machines11110992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T07:22:15Z","timestamp":1698304935000},"page":"992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Novel Fully Automatic Concept to Produce First Subset of Bowden Cables, Improving Productivity, Flexibility, and Safety"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Eiras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8570-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J. G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aerospace (LAETA-INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4167-4434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul D. S. G.","family":"Campilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aerospace (LAETA-INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita C. M.","family":"Sales-Contini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Paula Souza, Technological College of S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, Professor Jessen Vidal, Avenida Cesare Mansueto Giulio Lattes, 1350 Distrito Eug\u00eanio de Melo, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12247-014, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 F. V.","family":"Pedroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6948-1429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naiara P. V.","family":"Sebbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eist.2020.12.002","article-title":"EU industrial policy: Between modernization and transformation of the automotive industry","volume":"38","author":"Pichler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Innov. Soc. Transit."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.135718","article-title":"On influencing factors for Sustainable Development goal prioritisation in the automotive industry","volume":"387","author":"Lenort","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-405X(00)00093-3","article-title":"Exchange rate exposure and competition: Evidence from the automotive industry","volume":"59","author":"Williamson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Financ. Econ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2021.09.010","article-title":"Eco-innovation impacts on recycled product performance and competitiveness: Malaysian automotive industry","volume":"28","author":"Fernando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2013.09.006","article-title":"Cumulative belief degrees approach for analyzing the competitiveness of the automotive industry","volume":"70","author":"Kabak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123524","article-title":"What is stopping the automotive industry from going green? A systematic review of barriers to green innovation in the automotive industry","volume":"277","author":"Gohoungodji","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2023.108838","article-title":"Examining demand and supply-chain antecedents of inventory dynamics: Evidence from automotive industry","volume":"259","author":"Chiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2021.108377","article-title":"Supply chain horizontal complexity and the moderating impact of inventory turns: A study of the automotive component industry","volume":"245","author":"DeCampos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.214","article-title":"Improving the quality and productivity of steel wire-rope assembly lines for the automotive industry","volume":"11","author":"Rosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.03.047","article-title":"Knowledge Based Development in Automotive Industry Guided by Lean Enablers for System Engineering","volume":"44","author":"Stenholm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"9617","article-title":"Effect of lean six sigma on firm performance: A case of Indian automotive component manufacturing organization","volume":"46","author":"Swarnakar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Proc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.01.171","article-title":"Optimization of the cold profiling process through SMED","volume":"38","author":"Vieira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.10.023","article-title":"Robotized solution for handling complex automotive parts in inspection and packing","volume":"51","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, F.J.G., Soares, M.R., Ferreira, L.P., Alves, A.C., Brito, M., Campilho, R.D.S.G., and Sousa, V.F.C. (2021). A Novel automated system for the handling of car seat wires on plastic over-injection molding machines. Machines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/machines9080141"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.01.350","article-title":"Implementation of Automation Technologies of Industry 4.0 in Automotive Manufacturing Companies","volume":"200","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2020.05.254","article-title":"Manufacturing automation for automotive wiring harnesses","volume":"97","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"117","article-title":"Pneumatic automation of the assembly of spherical bearing and pin header into the gearbox housing","volume":"63","author":"Naveen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Proc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2003.07.006","article-title":"Agile manufacturing systems in the automotive industry","volume":"91","author":"Elkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2018.11.014","article-title":"Empirical analysis of productivity enhancement strategies in the North American automotive industry","volume":"208","author":"Abolhassani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envc.2023.100725","article-title":"Automotive industry\u2019s circularity applications and industry 4.0","volume":"12","author":"Montemayor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Chall."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.138369","article-title":"A hybrid fuzzy based approach for industry 4.0 framework implementation strategy and its sustainability in Indian automotive industry","volume":"420","author":"Jena","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Dynamic Predictive Maintenance in industry 4.0 based on real time information: Case study in automotive industries","volume":"52","author":"Einabadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IFAC-Pap."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2018.01.013","article-title":"Automatic assembly planning based on digital product descriptions","volume":"97","author":"Sierla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.09.110","article-title":"SMED methodology: The reduction of setup times for Steel Wire-Rope assembly lines in the automotive industry","volume":"13","author":"Rosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108379","article-title":"A flexible smart manufacturing system in mass personalization manufacturing model based on multi-module-platform, multi-virtual-unit, and multi-production-line","volume":"171","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-017-0109-4","article-title":"A novel concept of agile assembly machine for sets applied in the automotive industry","volume":"91","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strueco.2022.09.006","article-title":"Automation and industrialisation through global value chains: North Africa in the German automotive wiring harness industry","volume":"63","author":"Azmeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Struct. Change Econ. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.01.298","article-title":"A cloud-based 3D real-time inspection platform for industry: A case-study focusing automotive cast iron parts","volume":"219","author":"Castilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.01.316","article-title":"The Future of the Automotive Manufacturing Industry in Developing Nations: A Case Study of its Sustainability Based on South Africa\u2019s Paradigm","volume":"200","author":"Ikome","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.12.013","article-title":"Towards an assessment criterion of reconfigurable manufacturing systems within the automotive industry","volume":"28","author":"Aslam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2016.04.123","article-title":"Design and management of reconfigurable assembly lines in the automotive industry","volume":"65","author":"Colledani","year":"2016","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2021.104372","article-title":"Human-robot cooperative control system based on serial elastic actuator bowden cable drive in ExoArm 7-DOF upper extremity exoskeleton","volume":"163","author":"Herbin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech. Mach. Theory"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3182\/20130410-3-CN-2034.00131","article-title":"Design of a Gravity Balanced Upper Limb Exoskeleton with Bowden Cable Actuators","volume":"46","author":"Qingcong","year":"2013","journal-title":"IFAC Proc. Vol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1520\/JTE20210721","article-title":"Automating Equipment towards Industry 4.0: A New Concept for a Transfer System of Lengthy and Low-Stiffness Products for Automobiles","volume":"50","author":"Vieira","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Test. Eval."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.5937\/fme2103587P","article-title":"Investigations on the Oxidation of Zn-coated Steel Cables","volume":"49","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"FME Trans."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.01.096","article-title":"Designing a Novel System for the Introduction of Lubricant in Control Cables for the Automotive Industry","volume":"38","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Silva, F.J.G., and Gouveia, R.M. (2020). Cleaner Production\u2014Toward a Better Future, Springer Nature."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.145","article-title":"Optimisation of die casting process in Zamak alloys","volume":"11","author":"Pinto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.01.131","article-title":"Improvement and validation of Zamak die casting moulds","volume":"38","author":"Pinto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, J.L.T.A., Campilho, R.D.S.G., Silva, F.J.G., S\u00e1nchez-Arce, I.J., Prakash, C., and Buddhi, D. (2022). Improving the Efficiency of the Bowden Cable Terminal Injection Process for the Automotive Industry. Processes, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10101953"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Production Scheduling using a Multi-Objective framework in an Automotive Company","volume":"54","author":"Konstantinidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"IFAC-Pap."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.268","article-title":"A Novel Concept of Production and Assembly Processes Integration","volume":"11","author":"Moreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.10.061","article-title":"A new concept of automated manufacturing process for wire rope terminals","volume":"51","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa, V.F.C., Silva, F.J.G., Campilho, R.D.S.G., Pinto, A.G., Ferreira, L.P., and Martins, N. (2022). Developing a Novel Fully Automated Concept to Produce Bowden Cables for the Automotive Industry. Machines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/machines10050290"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"188","article-title":"The evolution of world class manufacturing toward Industry 4.0: A case study in the automotive industry","volume":"52","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IFAC-Pap."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-016-9475-6","article-title":"Manufacturing cushions and suspension mats for vehicle seats: A novel cell concept","volume":"90","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Nunes, P.M.S., and Silva, F.J.G. (2013). Avances in Sustainable and Competitive Manufacturing Systems, Springer. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2022.05.041","article-title":"Manufacturing Processes of automotive high-voltage wire harnesses: State of the art, current challenges and fields of action to reach a higher level of automation","volume":"107","author":"Olbrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2022.12.010","article-title":"Application of automation for in-line quality inspection, a zero-defect manufacturing approach","volume":"67","author":"Azamfirei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.06.119","article-title":"Supporting risk assessment of human-robot collaborative production layouts: A proposed design automation framework","volume":"25","author":"Poot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.01.351","article-title":"Effect of Business Process Management on Level of Automation and Technologies Connected to Industry 4.0","volume":"200","author":"Smolka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"265","article-title":"Hybrid Petri Nets to Re-design Low-Automated Production Processes: The Case Study of a Sardinian Bakery","volume":"51","author":"Cavone","year":"2018","journal-title":"IFAC-Pap."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2022.3177362","article-title":"MPC-Based Process Control of Deep Drawing: An Industry 4.0 Case Study in Automotive","volume":"19","author":"Cavone","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.5937\/fme2003707T","article-title":"Modeling for design simplification and power-flow efficiency improvement in an automotive planetary gearbox: A case example","volume":"48","author":"Tamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"FME Trans."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.5937\/fme2004938A","article-title":"Development of automated liquid filling system based on the interactive design approach","volume":"48","author":"Abdullah","year":"2020","journal-title":"FME Trans."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eist.2023.100760","article-title":"Forging a sharper blade: A design science research approach for transition studies","volume":"48","author":"Wiegmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Innov. Soc. Transit."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2022.113898","article-title":"Knowledge contributions in design science research: Paths of knowledge types","volume":"166","author":"Akoka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2020.103350","article-title":"Envisioning entrepreneurship and digital innovation through a design science research lens: A matrix approach","volume":"59","author":"Hevner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670516680033","article-title":"The MINDS Method: Integrating Management and Interaction Design Perspectives for Service Design","volume":"20","author":"Teixeira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Serv. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siedhoff, S. (2019). Seizing Business Model Patterns for Disruptive Innovations, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-26336-2"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helfert, M., and Donnellan, B. (2013). Design Science: Perspectives from Europe, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04090-5"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240302","article-title":"Positioning and presenting design science research for maximum impact","volume":"24","author":"Peffers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Manag. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.003","article-title":"Prescriptive analytics: Literature review and research challenges","volume":"50","author":"Lepenioti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.5937\/fme2201032T","article-title":"Case-based product development of a high-pressure die casting injection subset using design science research","volume":"50","author":"Tojal","year":"2022","journal-title":"FME Trans."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8823","DOI":"10.1177\/09544062221087547","article-title":"A new approach to increase the environmental sustainability of the discharging process in the over-injection of conduits for bowden cables using automation","volume":"236","author":"Penne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-017-0158-8","article-title":"How to solve quality problems by advanced fully-automated manufacturing systems","volume":"94","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, R., Sousa, V., S\u00e1, J.C., Pinto, A., and Pereira, J. (2022). Increasing the Sustainability of Manufacturing Processes in Plastic Injection: Recovering Out-of-Service Robots to Eliminate Manual Assembly Operations. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su141912300"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2020.102023","article-title":"A new concept of full-automated equipment for the manufacture of shirt collars and cuffs","volume":"67","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf."}],"container-title":["Machines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1702\/11\/11\/992\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:12:19Z","timestamp":1760130739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1702\/11\/11\/992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["machines11110992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/machines11110992","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1702"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-1702"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]}}}