{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:27:53Z","timestamp":1769560073003,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00481\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00481\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00481\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00481\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01192\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01192\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014717","name":"Programa Operacional Regional do Centro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Machines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biaxial mechanical testing gained increased importance for characterization of materials that present anisotropic behavior and\/or different responses when subjected to tensile and compression loadings. In this work, a new biaxial testing machine was developed. The various systems and components were designed, manufactured, assembled, and assessed. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to validate the device, showing results consistent with those obtained on a universal testing machine. Finally, biaxial tensile tests were also performed on polypropylene cruciform specimens. The results revealed high precision levels, thus showing the potential of this new machine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/machines8030040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T03:23:16Z","timestamp":1595388196000},"page":"40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Biaxial Testing Machine: Development and Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8342-5116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio B.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9751-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio A.O.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alfredo B.","family":"de Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISCO Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Quaak, G. (2020, June 28). Biaxial Testing of Sheet Metal: An Experimental-Numerical Analysis. Available online: https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Biaxial-Testing-of-Sheet-Metal-%3A-An-Analysis-Quaak\/6386ee720de5598d75750dbbbcc96b807f76e244."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2007.10.015","article-title":"A review of planar biaxial tensile test systems for sheet metal","volume":"198","author":"Hannon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014269314272","article-title":"A new static failure criterion for isotropic polymers","volume":"37","author":"Altenbach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mech. Compos. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Vez\u00e9r, S., and Major, Z. (2008, January 24\u201327). Development of an in Plane Biaxial Test Setup for Monotonic and Cyclic Tests. 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