{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T15:35:27Z","timestamp":1775662527819,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["952941 (BIOMAC Project)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["952941 (BIOMAC Project)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Macromol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, polymer nanocomposite films based on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) were reinforced with mesoporous silica nanoparticles, mesoporous cellular foam (MCF) and Santa Barbara amorphous-15 (SBA). PLLA is a biobased aliphatic polyester, that possesses excellent thermomechanical properties, and has already been commercialized for packaging applications. The aim was to utilize nanoparticles that have already been established as nanocarriers to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PLLA. Since the introduction of antibacterial properties has become an emerging trend in packaging applications, to achieve an effective antimicrobial activity, micro\/nano 3D micropillars decorated with cone- and needle-shaped nanostructures were implemented on the surface of the films by means of thermal nanoimprint lithography (t-NIL), a novel and feasible fabrication technique with multiple industrial applications. The materials were characterized regarding their composition and crystallinity using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively, and their thermal properties using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Their mechanical properties were examined by the nanoindentation technique, while the films\u2019 antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains was tested in vitro. The results demonstrated the successful production of nanocomposite PLLA films, which exhibited improved mechanical and thermal properties compared to the pristine material, as well as notable antibacterial activity, setting new groundwork for the potential development of biobased smart packaging materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/macromol1010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T20:17:40Z","timestamp":1615493860000},"page":"49-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Bottom-Up Development of Nanoimprinted PLLA Composite Films with Enhanced Antibacterial Properties for Smart Packaging Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6934-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Psochia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0817-8148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lazaros","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1871-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios J.","family":"Gkiliopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7757-9901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achille","family":"Francone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4985-0773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Eirini","family":"Grigora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5006-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Tzetzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Joana Vieira","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Bragas, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3041-0687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno M.","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Bragas, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8658-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos S.","family":"Triantafyllidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9986-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clivia M. Sotomayor","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"ICREA, Pg. 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