{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:52:54Z","timestamp":1778223174410,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013276","name":"Interreg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CILIFO (0753\u00ad_CILIFO_5_E)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CILIFO (0753\u00ad_CILIFO_5_E)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MCA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Forest fires have been a major threat to the environment throughout history. In order to mitigate its consequences, we present, in a first of a series of works, a mathematical model with the purpose of predicting fire spreading in a given land portion divided into patches, considering the area and the rate of spread of each patch as inputs. The rate of spread can be estimated from previous knowledge on fuel availability, weather and terrain conditions. We compute the time duration of the spreading process in a land patch in order to construct and parametrize a landscape network, using cellular automata simulations. We use the multilayer network model to propose a network of networks at the landscape scale, where the nodes are the local patches, each with their own spreading dynamics. We compute some respective network measures and aim, in further work, for the establishment of a fire-break structure according to increasing accuracy simulation results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mca26040068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T21:39:29Z","timestamp":1632865169000},"page":"68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Modelling Forest Fires Using Complex Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9701-5545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Perestrelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Mathematics and Applications (CIMA), Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Gr\u00e1cio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Mathematics and Applications (CIMA), Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6884-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno A.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Plant Science, School of Science and Technology, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Mathematics and Applications (CIMA), Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, L.J.R., Meireles, C.I.R., Pinto Gomes, C.J., and Almeida Ribeiro, N.M.C. (2019). Socioeconomic aspects of the forests in Portugal: Recent evolution and perspectives of sustainability of the resource. Forests, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/f10050361"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"283","article-title":"Population dynamics after wildfires in sagebrush grasslands","volume":"31","author":"Young","year":"1978","journal-title":"Rangel. Ecol. Manag. J. Range Manag. 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