{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T23:13:01Z","timestamp":1772061181638,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":316,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]],"date-time":"2016-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA186046-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA186046-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000928","name":"Welch Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI-0045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI-0045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marine invertebrates provide a rich source of metabolites with anticancer activities and several marine-derived agents have been approved for the treatment of cancer. However, the limited supply of promising anticancer metabolites from their natural sources is a major hurdle to their preclinical and clinical development. Thus, the lack of a sustainable large-scale supply has been an important challenge facing chemists and biologists involved in marine-based drug discovery. In the current review we describe the main strategies aimed to overcome the supply problem. These include: marine invertebrate aquaculture, invertebrate and symbiont cell culture, culture-independent strategies, total chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis, and a number of hybrid strategies. We provide examples illustrating the application of these strategies for the supply of marine invertebrate-derived anticancer agents. Finally, we encourage the scientific community to develop scalable methods to obtain selected metabolites, which in the authors\u2019 opinion should be pursued due to their most promising anticancer activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md14050098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T09:05:05Z","timestamp":1464080705000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Marine Invertebrate Metabolites with Anticancer Activities: Solutions to the \u201cSupply Problem\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nelson","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Dasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"}]},{"given":"Sunena","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Canc\u00e9rologie et de Toxicologie Exp\u00e9rimentale, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, CP205\/1, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kornienko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NP00156K","article-title":"Marine natural products","volume":"33","author":"Blunt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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