{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T22:22:55Z","timestamp":1776378175193,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERA-MBT\/0001\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERA-MBT\/0001\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/04423\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04423\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/112287\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/112287\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/108314\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/108314\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/116009\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/116009\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marine organisms, particularly cyanobacteria, are important resources for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites for the treatment of human diseases. In this study, a bioassay-guided approach was used to discover metabolites with lipid-reducing activity. Two chlorophyll derivatives were successfully isolated, the previously described 132-hydroxy-pheophytin a (1) and the new compound 132-hydroxy-pheofarnesin a (2). The structure elucidation of the new compound 2 was established based on one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant neutral lipid-reducing activity in the zebrafish Nile red fat metabolism assay after 48 h of exposure with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 8.9 \u00b1 0.4 \u00b5M for 1 and 15.5 \u00b1 1.3 \u00b5M for 2. Both compounds additionally reduced neutral lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 multicellular spheroids of murine preadipocytes. Molecular profiling of mRNA expression of some target genes was evaluated for the higher potent compound 1, which indicated altered peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR\u03b3) mRNA expression. Lipolysis was not affected. Different food materials (Spirulina, Chlorella, spinach, and cabbage) were evaluated for the presence of 1, and the cyanobacterium Spirulina, with GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status for human consumption, contained high amounts of 1. In summary, known and novel chlorophyll derivatives were discovered from marine cyanobacteria with relevant lipid-reducing activities, which in the future may be developed into nutraceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md17040229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T07:58:09Z","timestamp":1555487889000},"page":"229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Chlorophyll Derivatives from Marine Cyanobacteria with Lipid-Reducing Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"FCUP, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo, Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria L\u00edgia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5064-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro N.","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3585-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"FCUP, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo, Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana Alves","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7476-9195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Urbatzka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"FCUP, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo, Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9571","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b04468","article-title":"Natural products with anti-obesity effects and different mechanisms of action","volume":"64","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. 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