{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T18:54:53Z","timestamp":1778352893699,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["634588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["634588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lipids are one of the primary metabolites of microalgae and cyanobacteria, which enrich their utility in the pharmaceutical, feed, cosmetic, and chemistry sectors. This work describes the isolation, structural elucidation, and the antibiotic and antibiofilm activities of diverse lipids produced by different microalgae and cyanobacteria strains from two European collections (ACOI and LEGE-CC). Three microalgae strains and one cyanobacteria strain were selected for their antibacterial and\/or antibiofilm activity after the screening of about 600 strains carried out under the NoMorFilm European project. The total organic extracts were firstly fractionated using solid phase extraction methods, and the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration against an array of human pathogens were determined. The isolation was carried out by bioassay-guided HPLC-DAD purification, and the structure of the isolated molecules responsible for the observed activities was determined by HPLC-HRESIMS and NMR methods. Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol, \u03b1-linolenic acid, hexadeca-4,7,10,13-tetraenoic acid (HDTA), palmitoleic acid, and lysophosphatidylcholine were found among the different active sub-fractions selected. In conclusion, cyanobacteria and microalgae produce a great variety of lipids with antibiotic and antibiofilm activity against the most important pathogens causing severe infections in humans. The use of these lipids in clinical treatments alone or in combination with antibiotics may provide an alternative to the current treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md19120675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1638323002000},"page":"675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Strains as Producers of Lipids with Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6624-1160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginio","family":"Cepas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic\u2014Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5212-6199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Del-R\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Funcional, \u00c1rea de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncolog\u00eda del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"ISPA (Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Yuly","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic\u2014Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"Redondo-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Funcional, \u00c1rea de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncolog\u00eda del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"ISPA (Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Yaiza","family":"Gabasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic\u2014Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8178-0034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Soengas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Funcional, \u00c1rea de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncolog\u00eda del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"ISPA (Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Funcional, \u00c1rea de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncolog\u00eda del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"ISPA (Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Claudio J.","family":"Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Funcional, \u00c1rea de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncolog\u00eda del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"ISPA (Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Clara B.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"\u201cMolecular Physical-Chemistry\u201d R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana D.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4798-9381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana F. G.","family":"Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L\u00edlia M. A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4190-0959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Castelo-Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana A.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3585-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edif\u00edcio FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1786-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6680-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Lomb\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Funcional, \u00c1rea de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncolog\u00eda del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"ISPA (Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic\u2014Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S173867","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: A rundown of a global crisis","volume":"11","author":"Aslam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. 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