{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T05:30:47Z","timestamp":1777267847615,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/136767\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/136767\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current mindset in the cosmetics market about sustainable ingredients had increased the search for new sources of natural active ingredients. Cyanobacteria are a great source of functional ingredients for cosmetics, as a producer of pigments with described bioactive potential (carotenoids and phycobiliproteins). This work aimed to evaluate the cosmetic potential of marine cyanobacterium Cyanobium sp. pigment-targeted extracts (carotenoids and phycobiliproteins), evaluating their in vitro safety through cytotoxicity assays, cosmetic-related enzyme inhibition, ingredient stability, and putative product (serum formulation). Results showed no cytotoxicity from the extracts in skin-related cell lines. Carotenoid extract showed anti-hyaluronidase capacity (IC50 = 108.74 \u00b1 5.74 mg mL\u22121) and phycobiliprotein extract showed anti-hyaluronidase and anti-collagenase capacity (IC50 = 67.25 \u00b1 1.18 and 582.82 \u00b1 56.99 mg mL\u22121, respectively). Regarding ingredient and serum stability, both ingredients showed higher stability at low-temperature conditions, and it was possible to maintain the pigment content and bioactive capacity stable during the tested period, although in higher temperatures the product was degraded in a week. As a major conclusion, both extracts can be potential natural and sustainable ingredients for cosmetic uses, with relatively simple formulation and storage, and can be promising natural anti-aging ingredients due to their bioactive capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20080481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1658978476000},"page":"481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Cosmetic Potential of Pigments Extracts from the Marine Cyanobacterium Cyanobium sp."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6148-8896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Pagels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR-LA\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edif\u00edcio do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"FCUP\u2014Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9101-6184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00edntia","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISS\u2014\u00cdnclita Seaweed Solutions, Novo Edif\u00edcio do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3585-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR-LA\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edif\u00edcio do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"FCUP\u2014Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9181-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Catarina","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR-LA\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edif\u00edcio do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"ISS\u2014\u00cdnclita Seaweed Solutions, Novo Edif\u00edcio do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1179\/2047058414Y.0000000162","article-title":"A Review of Ancient Egyptian Pigments and Cosmetics","volume":"61","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stud. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu, S.P., and Chuang, L.W. (2017, January 12\u201314). Analysis on the Development Trend of Green Cosmetics. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan, ICCE-TW 2017, Taipei, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE-China.2017.7991110"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahota, A. (2013). Introduction to Sustainability. Sustainability: How the Cosmetics Industry is Greening Up, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118676516"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.575","article-title":"Microalgae as Sources of High Added-Value Compounds-a Brief Review of Recent Work","volume":"27","author":"Guedes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Prog."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Applications of Algae in Cosmetics: An Overview","volume":"7","author":"Joshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2019.101541","article-title":"Revealing the Potential of Cyanobacteria in Cosmetics and Cos-meceuticals\u2014A New Bioactive Approach","volume":"41","author":"Morone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2011.00600.x","article-title":"Carotenoids and Polyphenols in Nutricosmetics, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals","volume":"11","author":"Anunciato","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3109\/19390211.2012.708716","article-title":"Carotenoid Lutein: A Promising Candidate for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Applications","volume":"9","author":"Shegokar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagels, F., Vasconcelos, V., and Guedes, A.C. (2021). Carotenoids from Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Potential and Optimization Strategies. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050735"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2019.02.010","article-title":"Phycobiliproteins from Cyanobacteria: Chemistry and Biotechnological Applications","volume":"37","author":"Pagels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.-K. (2015). Cosmetics from Marine Sources. Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-53971-8"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123105","article-title":"White and Red LEDs as Two-Phase Batch for Cyanobacterial Pigments Production","volume":"307","author":"Pagels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02213-1","article-title":"Bioactive Potential of Cyanobium Sp. Pigment-Rich Extracts","volume":"32","author":"Pagels","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2011.04.003","article-title":"Aging Skin: Histology, Physiology, and Pathology","volume":"19","author":"Khavkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch, W., Zag\u00f3rska, J., Marzec, Z., and Kukula-Koch, W. (2019). Applications of Tea (Camellia Sinensis) and Its Active Constituents in Cosmetics. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234277"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12571","article-title":"A Natural Skin Anti-Ageing Serum Con-taining Pseudobulb Ethanolic Extract of Grammatophyllum Speciosum: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"41","author":"Chowjarean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demay, J., Bernard, C., Reinhardt, A., and Marie, B. (2019). Natural Products from Cyanobacteria: Focus on Beneficial Activities. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201904.0192.v1"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EE01493C","article-title":"Towards Industrial Products from Microalgae","volume":"9","author":"Ruiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2012.02.005","article-title":"Production Cost of a Real Microalgae Production Plant and Strategies to Reduce It","volume":"30","author":"Molina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreira, C., Gomes, C., Vasconcelos, V., and Antunes, A. (2020). Cyanotoxins Occurrence in Portugal: A New Report on Their Recent Multiplication. Toxins, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12030154"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morone, J., Lopes, G., Preto, M., Vasconcelos, V., and Martins, R. (2020). Exploitation of Filamentous and Picoplanktonic Cyanobac-teria for Cosmetic Applications: Potential to Improve Skin Structure and Preserve Dermal Matrix Components. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18090486"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2021.1960830","article-title":"Cyanobacteria and Microalgae Bioactive Compounds in Skin-Ageing: Potential to Restore Extracellular Matrix Filling and Overcome Hyperpigmentation","volume":"36","author":"Favas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhibi-Tion Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"137","article-title":"Comparison of Anti-Hyaluronidase Activities and Sugar Compositions of Extracts from Four Edible Species of Nostoc (Cyanobacteria)","volume":"8","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Algal Resour."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2015.07.008","article-title":"Isolation and Analysis of Polysaccharide Showing High Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Activity in Nostochopsis Lobatus MAC0804NAN","volume":"121","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012592620347","article-title":"Inhibitory Effects of Microalgae on the Activation of Hyaluronidase","volume":"13","author":"Fujitani","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.10.081","article-title":"Arthrospira Maxima OF15 Biomass Cultivation at Laboratory and Pilot Scale from Sugarcane Vinasse for Potential Biological New Peptides Production","volume":"273","author":"Montalvo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13041","article-title":"Inhibitory Effects of Mycospor-ine-2-Glycine Isolated from a Halotolerant Cyanobacterium on Protein Glycation and Collagenase Activity","volume":"67","author":"Tarasuntisuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-012-2194-8","article-title":"Chemical Stability of the Lipid Phase in Concentrated Beverage Emulsions Colored with Natural \u03b2-Carotene","volume":"90","author":"Szterk","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAOCS J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390802565889","article-title":"Factors Influencing the Chemical Stability of Carotenoids in Foods","volume":"50","author":"Boon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galetovi\u0107, A., and Dufoss\u00e9, L. (2020). Phycobiliproteins as Food Additives. Pigments from Microalgae Handbook, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50971-2_22"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2010.08.005","article-title":"Effect of Preservatives for Food Grade C-Phycoerythrin, Iso-lated from Marine Cyanobacteria Pseudanabaena Sp.","volume":"47","author":"Mishra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.02.201","article-title":"Bauhinia Forficata Link Authenticity Using Flavonoids Profile: Relation with Their Biological Properties","volume":"134","author":"Ferreres","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2008.00463.x","article-title":"Screening of Nepalese Crude Drugs Traditionally Used to Treat Hyperpigmentation: In Vitro Tyrosinase Inhibition","volume":"30","author":"Adhikari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mota, F.A.R., Pereira, S.A.P., Araujo, A.R.T.S., and Saraiva, M.L.M.F.S. (2021). Evaluation of Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquids Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Inhibition in Elastase Enzyme Activity. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26010200"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(81)90089-0","article-title":"A Continuous Spectrophotometric Assay for Clostridium Histolyticum Collagenase","volume":"113","author":"Steinbrink","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2020.1862099","article-title":"Screening the Dermatological Potential of Plectranthus Species Components: Antioxidant and Inhibitory Capacities over Elastase, Collagenase and Tyrosinase","volume":"36","author":"Andrade","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044451251-2\/50006-4","article-title":"Color Appearance and Color Difference Specification","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Brainard","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Science of Color"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2020.09.014","article-title":"Physico-Chemical and Sensory Acceptance of Carica Papaya Leaves Extract Edible O\/W Emulsion as Prospective Natural Remedies","volume":"13","author":"Fadzilah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"e1467","article-title":"Measurement of Chlorophyll","volume":"5","author":"Sinetova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bio-Protocol"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.58.2.419","article-title":"Complementary Chromatic Adaptation in a Filamentous Blue-Green Alga","volume":"58","author":"Bennett","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"345","article-title":"Optimization and Validation of Two High-Throughput Methods Indicating Antiradical Activity","volume":"13","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/20\/8\/481\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:57:28Z","timestamp":1760140648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/20\/8\/481"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["md20080481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md20080481","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]}}}