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PSTs are toxic to humans and maximum legal limits in seafood have been implemented by regulatory authorities worldwide. In the European Union, monitoring of PSTs is performed using the AOAC Official Method 2005.06, based on liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (LC- FLD). However, this method has been suggested to not effectively detect the emerging C-11 hydroxyl (M-toxins) and benzoate (GC-toxins) analogues, with these analogues currently not being surveyed in monitoring programs. In this study, a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was used to search for these emerging PSTs in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, contaminated following an intense Gymnodinium catenatum bloom in the Tagus estuary (Lisbon, Portugal). Five M-toxins (M1, M2, M6, dcM6, and dcM10), but no GC-toxins, were detected in the mussels\u2019 whole-soft body tissue. Moreover, the classical PSTs (C1 to C4, GTX 4 to GTX6, dcGTX1 to dcGTX4, dcSTX, dcNEO, and STX) were also found and comprised the largest fraction of the PSTs\u2019 profile. The presence of unregulated PSTs in edible mussel samples suggests potential seafood safety risks and urges further research to determine the frequency of these analogues in seafood and their contribution to toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20110680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1667114810000},"page":"680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["LC-HRMS Profiling of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Mytilus galloprovincialis after a Gymnodinium catenatum Bloom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0167-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Lage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6083-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Reis","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6244-6468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelino V. M.","family":"Can\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 P.","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10641269509388565","article-title":"Phycotoxin-related shellfish poisoning: Bivalve molluscs are not the only vectors","volume":"3","author":"Shumway","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev. Fish. 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