{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T06:00:43Z","timestamp":1776492043445,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42306YB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42306YB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2022\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2022\/08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431F 2020\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431F 2020\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431G 2019\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431G 2019\/06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PHC Pessoa Programme between ANR and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PHC Pessoa Programme between ANR and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PHC Pessoa Programme between ANR and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PHC Pessoa Programme between ANR and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["42306YB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42306YB"]}]},{"name":"PHC Pessoa Programme between ANR and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PHC Pessoa Programme between ANR and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["ED431C 2022\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2022\/08"]}]},{"name":"PHC Pessoa Programme between ANR and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["ED431F 2020\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431F 2020\/01"]}]},{"name":"PHC Pessoa Programme between ANR and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["ED431G 2019\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431G 2019\/06"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42306YB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42306YB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2022\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2022\/08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431F 2020\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431F 2020\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431G 2019\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431G 2019\/06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42306YB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42306YB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2022\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2022\/08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431F 2020\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431F 2020\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431G 2019\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431G 2019\/06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union (European Regional Development Fund\u2014ERDF)","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union (European Regional Development Fund\u2014ERDF)","award":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union (European Regional Development Fund\u2014ERDF)","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union (European Regional Development Fund\u2014ERDF)","award":["42306YB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42306YB"]}]},{"name":"European Union (European Regional Development Fund\u2014ERDF)","award":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union (European Regional Development Fund\u2014ERDF)","award":["ED431C 2022\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2022\/08"]}]},{"name":"European Union (European Regional Development Fund\u2014ERDF)","award":["ED431F 2020\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431F 2020\/01"]}]},{"name":"European Union (European Regional Development Fund\u2014ERDF)","award":["ED431G 2019\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431G 2019\/06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The composition of seaweeds is complex, with vitamins, phenolic compounds, minerals, and polysaccharides being some of the factions comprising their structure. The main polysaccharide in brown seaweeds is fucoidan, and several biological activities have been associated with its structure. Chitosan is another marine biopolymer that is very popular in the biomedical field, owing to its suitable features for formulating drug delivery systems and, particularly, particulate systems. In this work, the ability of fucoidan to produce nanoparticles was evaluated, testing different amounts of a polymer and using chitosan as a counterion. Nanoparticles of 200\u2013300 nm were obtained when fucoidan prevailed in the formulation, which also resulted in negatively charged nanoparticles. Adjusting the pH of the reaction media to 4 did not affect the physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles. The IC50 of fucoidan was determined, in both HCT\u2212116 and A549 cells, to be around 160 \u00b5g\/mL, whereas it raised to 675\u2013100 \u00b5g\/mL when nanoparticles (fucoidan\/chitosan = 2\/1, w\/w) were tested. These marine materials (fucoidan and chitosan) provided features suitable to formulate polymeric nanoparticles to use in biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md21020115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T01:32:05Z","timestamp":1675819925000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus: Evaluation of the Impact of the Sulphate Content on Nanoparticle Production and Cell Toxicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2666-2315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"Fl\u00f3rez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo Biomasa y Desarrollo Sostenible (EQ-2), Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6447-0242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge F.","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas T.","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7030-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Lollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP CNRS, UMR 5007, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6811-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo Biomasa y Desarrollo Sostenible (EQ-2), Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6475-3242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herminia","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo Biomasa y Desarrollo Sostenible (EQ-2), Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0225-9537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M. Rosa da","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algarve Chemistry Research Center (CIQA) and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2136-1396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Grenha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1913.83.3.171","article-title":"Biochemistry of Sea Algae","volume":"83","author":"Kylin","year":"1913","journal-title":"Physiol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-015-0727-x","article-title":"Study of the Seasonal Variation on Proximate Composition of Oven-Dried Sargassum muticum Biomass Collected in Vigo Ria, Spain","volume":"28","author":"Balboa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afonso, C., Correia, A.P., Freitas, M.V., Baptista, T., Neves, M., and Mouga, T. (2021). Seasonal Changes in the Nutritional Composition of Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales) from the Center of Portugal. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10051145"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa, A.I., Coutinho, A.J., Costa Lima, S.A., and Reis, S. (2019). Marine Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications: Fucoidan and Chitosan as Key Players in the Drug Delivery Match Field. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17120654"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636930","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.636930","article-title":"Fucoidan Extracted From Sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida Grown in Weihai, China\u2014Chemical Composition and Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Different Molecular Weight Fractions","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2021.108326","article-title":"Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides as Potential Antiviral Drug Candidates to Treat Corona Virus Disease (COVID\u221219)","volume":"505","author":"Andrew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.182","article-title":"Influence of Molecular Weight Fractionation on the Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of a Fucoidan Rich-Extract from the Macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus","volume":"186","author":"Cabral","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitton, J.H., Stringer, D.N., Park, A.Y., and Karpiniec, S.S. (2019). Therapies from Fucoidan: New Developments. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17100571"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Citkowska, A., Szekalska, M., and Winnicka, K. (2019). Possibilities of Fucoidan Utilization in the Development of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17080458"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3109\/1061186X.2011.654121","article-title":"Chitosan Nanoparticles: A Survey of Preparation Methods","volume":"20","author":"Grenha","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.08.076","article-title":"Integration of Lysozyme into Chitosan Nanoparticles for Improving Antibacterial Activity","volume":"155","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb3030615","article-title":"Biocompatibility of Chitosan Carriers with Application in Drug Delivery","volume":"3","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.042","article-title":"Chitosan: Structural Modification, Biological Activity and Application","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.3390\/md9102106","article-title":"Important Determinants for Fucoidan Bioactivity: A Critical Review of Structure-Function Relations and Extraction Methods for Fucose-Containing Sulfated Polysaccharides from Brown Seaweeds","volume":"9","author":"Ale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Qi, Y., Jiang, Y., Quan, W., Luo, H., Wu, K., Li, S., and Ouyang, Q. (2022). Progress in Research of Chitosan Chemical Modification Technologies and Their Applications. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20080536"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4612","DOI":"10.3390\/md11114612","article-title":"Simultaneous Extraction and Depolymerization of Fucoidan from Sargassum muticum in Aqueous Media","volume":"11","author":"Balboa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obluchinskaya, E.D., Pozharitskaya, O.N., Zakharov, D.V., Flisyuk, E.V., Terninko, I.I., Generalova, Y.E., Smekhova, I.E., and Shikov, A.N. (2022). The Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fucus vesiculosus from the Arctic Region. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20030193"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.014","article-title":"Development of Methotrexate Loaded Fucoidan\/Chitosan Nanoparticles with Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Enhanced Skin Permeation","volume":"124","author":"Barbosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.233","article-title":"Mucoadhesive and PH Responsive Fucoidan-Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Oral Delivery of Methotrexate","volume":"158","author":"Coutinho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8131","DOI":"10.1039\/C3RA23373A","article-title":"Fucoidans from Brown Seaweeds: An Update on Structures, Extraction Techniques and Use of Enzymes as Tools for Structural Elucidation","volume":"3","author":"Ale","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-011-3666-8","article-title":"Algal Fucoidan: Structural and Size-Dependent Bioactivities and Their Perspectives","volume":"93","author":"Morya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740030305","article-title":"Manufacture of Algal Chemicals. IV\u2014Laboratory-scale Isolation of Fucoidin from Brown Marine Algae","volume":"3","author":"Black","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.01.009","article-title":"Characterization of Polysaccharides Extracted from Brown Seaweeds","volume":"69","author":"Rioux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.02.035","article-title":"Size-Dependent Pharmacological Activities of Differently Degraded Fucoidan Fractions from Fucus vesiculosus","volume":"189","author":"Lahrsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J., Shi, K.K., Chen, S., Wang, J., Hassouna, A., White, L.N., Merien, F., Xie, M., Kong, Q., and Li, J. (2018). Fucoidan Extracted from the New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida\u2014Physicochemical Comparison against Five Other Fucoidans: Unique Low Molecular Weight Fraction Bioactivity in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16120461"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2011.02.009","article-title":"FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Polysaccharide Identification in Edible Brown and Red Seaweeds","volume":"25","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4379","DOI":"10.3390\/md12084379","article-title":"Preparation and Characterization of Antioxidant Nanoparticles Composed of Chitosan and Fucoidan for Antibiotics Delivery","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa, A.I., Costa Lima, S.A., and Reis, S. (2019). Application of PH-Responsive Fucoidan\/Chitosan Nanoparticles to Improve Oral Quercetin Delivery. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24020346"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.06.077","article-title":"Hydrothermal Degradation of Seaweed Polysaccharide: Characterization and Biological Activities","volume":"268","author":"Saravana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4803","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2012.4902","article-title":"Antimicrobial Finish of Textiles by Chitosan UV-Curing","volume":"12","author":"Ferrero","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.332","article-title":"Bioactive and Thermostable Sulphated Polysaccharide from Sargassum swartzii with Drug Delivery Applications","volume":"153","author":"Vanavil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.02.040","article-title":"Bioactive Potentials of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from Brown Seaweed Sargassum Spp in Related to Human Health Applications: A Review","volume":"81","author":"Sanjeewa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2829","article-title":"Rheological Characterisation of Polysaccharides Extracted from Brown Seaweeds","volume":"87","author":"Rioux","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"47","article-title":"Characterization of Chitosan in Acetic Acid: Rheological and Thermal Studies","volume":"34","author":"Elgannoudi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turk. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.105631","article-title":"Rheological Investigations of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from the Tunisian Brown Seaweed Cystoseira compressa","volume":"103","author":"Hentati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fl\u00f3rez-Fern\u00e1ndez, N., \u00c1lvarez-Vi\u00f1as, M., Guerreiro, F., Torres, M.D., Grenha, A., and Dom\u00ednguez, H. (2020). Hydrothermal Processing of Laminaria Ochroleuca for the Production of Crude Extracts Used to Formulate Polymeric Nanoparticles. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18070336"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.10.004","article-title":"Precise derivatization of structurally distinct chitosans with rhodamine B isothiocyanate","volume":"72","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.12.015","article-title":"Impact of pH, Ionic Strength and Chitosan Charge Density on Chitosan\/Casein Complexation and Phase Behavior","volume":"208","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.02.065","article-title":"Development of a New Type of Multifunctional Fucoidan-Based Nanoparticles for Anticancer Drug Delivery","volume":"165","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2017.07.008","article-title":"Polymer Chitosan Nanoparticles Functionalized with Ulva ohnoi Extracts Boost in vitro Ulvan Immunostimulant Effect in Solea senegalensis Macrophages","volume":"26","author":"Coste","year":"2017","journal-title":"Algal. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15114","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b03824","article-title":"Highly Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of a Variety of Analytes via the Tyndall Effect","volume":"91","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization\u2014ISO (2009). International Organization for Standardization ISO 10993-1 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices\u2014Part 5: Tests for In Vitro Cytotoxicity, ISO."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.06.112","article-title":"Effect of Fucoidan from Turbinaria conoides on Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Epithelial (A549) Cells","volume":"152","author":"Alwarsamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15973","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA02616E","article-title":"Efficiency of Brown Seaweed (Sargassum longifolium) Polysaccharides Encapsulated in Nanoemulsion and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier against Colon Cancer Cell Lines HCT\u2212116","volume":"8","author":"Shofia","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1021\/bm5008635","article-title":"Synthesis and Toxicological Evaluation of a Chitosan-l-Leucine Conjugate for Pulmonary Drug Delivery Applications","volume":"15","author":"Muhsin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S1773-2247(10)50004-2","article-title":"The Potential of Chitosan for Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"20","author":"Grenha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000016249.52831.a5","article-title":"Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Chitosan Molecules and Nanoparticles: Effects of Molecular Weight and Degree of Deacetylation","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"022071","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/612\/2\/022071","article-title":"Anticancery Activity in vitro Polysaccharides Fermented from Brown Algae","volume":"612","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.163","article-title":"Investigation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Fucoidan from Sargassum polycystum","volume":"116","author":"Palanisamy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116041","article-title":"Nanoparticles Assembled from Fucoidan and Trimethylchitosan as Anthrax Vaccine Adjuvant: In Vitro and in Vivo Efficacy in Comparison to CpG","volume":"236","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozharitskaya, O.N., Shikov, A.N., Faustova, N.M., Obluchinskaya, E.D., Kosman, V.M., Vuorela, H., and Makarov, V.G. (2018). Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution of Fucoidan from Fucus Vesiculosus after Oral Administration to Rats. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16040132"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozharitskaya, O.N., Shikov, A.N., Obluchinskaya, E.D., and Vuorela, H. (2019). The Pharmacokinetics of Fucoidan after Topical Application to Rats. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17120687"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.06.016","article-title":"Absorption and distribution of chitosan in mice after oral administration","volume":"71","author":"Zeng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carbohidr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shikov, A.N., Flisyuk, E.V., Obluchinskaya, E.D., and Pozharitskaya, O.N. (2020). Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18110557"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00315-3","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity Applying an Improved ABTS Radical","volume":"26","author":"Re","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-005-0984-2","article-title":"Contents of Solubre, Cell-Wall-Bound and Exuded Phlorotannins in the Brown Alga Fucus Vesiculosus, with Implications on Their Ecological Functions","volume":"31","author":"Koivikko","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.129","article-title":"Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of Tea Extracts Using Green Starch, Alginate or Carrageenan as Carrier Materials","volume":"203","author":"Baltrusch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/21\/2\/115\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:27:03Z","timestamp":1760120823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/21\/2\/115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["md21020115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md21020115","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]}}}