{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:01:44Z","timestamp":1776398504854,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology)","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology)","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology)","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147207\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147207\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology)","award":["02\/C05-i01\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C05-i01\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Pact, Project No. C644915664-00000026 (WP2 Bivalves)","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Pact, Project No. C644915664-00000026 (WP2 Bivalves)","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Pact, Project No. C644915664-00000026 (WP2 Bivalves)","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Pact, Project No. C644915664-00000026 (WP2 Bivalves)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147207\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147207\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Pact, Project No. C644915664-00000026 (WP2 Bivalves)","award":["02\/C05-i01\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C05-i01\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marine biofouling, caused by the deposition and accumulation of marine organisms on submerged surfaces, represents a huge concern for the maritime industries and also contributes to environmental pollution and health concerns. The most effective way to prevent this phenomenon is the use of biocide-based coatings which have proven to cause serious damage to marine ecosystems. Several research groups have focused on the search for new environmentally friendly antifoulants, including marine and terrestrial natural products and synthetic analogues. Some of these compounds have been incorporated into marine coatings and display interesting antifouling activities caused by the interference with the biofilm-forming species as well as by the inhibition of the settlement of macroorganisms. This review highlights the proof-of-concept studies of emerging natural or synthetic antifouling compounds in coatings, from lab-made to commercial ones, performed between 2019 and 2023 and their results in the field or in in vivo laboratorial tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md22070291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T13:06:40Z","timestamp":1719234400000},"page":"291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Proof of Concept of Natural and Synthetic Antifouling Agents in Coatings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9356-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana R.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0715-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honorina","family":"Cidade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"UNIPRO\u2014Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Correia-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-010-4158-4","article-title":"Progress of marine biofouling and antifouling technologies","volume":"56","author":"Cao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. 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