{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:53:10Z","timestamp":1766159590270,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe","award":["951389","UIDP\/50017\/2020","UIDB\/50017\/2020","LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["951389","UIDP\/50017\/2020","UIDB\/50017\/2020","LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CESAM","award":["951389","UIDP\/50017\/2020","UIDB\/50017\/2020","LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["951389","UIDP\/50017\/2020","UIDB\/50017\/2020","LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review is focused on the research, innovation and technological breakthroughs on marine invertebrate collagens and their applications. The findings reveal that research dates back to the 1970s, and after a period of reduced activity, interest in collagens from several marine invertebrate groups was renewed around 2008, likely driven by the increased commercial interest in these biomolecules of marine origin. Research and development are predominantly reported from China and Japan, highlighting significant research interest in cnidarians (jellyfish), echinoderms (sea cucumbers, sea urchins and starfish), molluscs (squid and cuttlefish) and sponges. Co-word analysis of the literature highlights applications in regenerative medicine, the properties of hydrolysates, and biology and biochemistry studies. Innovation and the technological landscape, however, focus on fewer taxonomic groups, possibly reflecting the challenge of sustainably sourcing raw materials, with a higher number of patents coming from Asia. Globally, jellyfish collagen is the most prominent marine invertebrate source, while Asia also emphasizes the use of collagens derived from molluscs and sea cucumbers. Europe, despite fewer patents, explores a broader range of taxonomic groups. Globally, key applications registered are mostly in medical, dental and toiletry areas, with peptide preparations spanning multiple animal groups. The food domain is notably relevant for molluscs and sea cucumbers. Market trends show a strong presence of cosmetic and supplement products, aligning with market reports that predict a growing demand for marine collagens in cosmetics and personalized nutrition, particularly in targeted health supplements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md23010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T09:00:57Z","timestamp":1735030857000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["How Significant Are Marine Invertebrate Collagens? Exploring Trends in Research and Innovation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8520-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3B\u2019s\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, 4805-694 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3463-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runar Gjerp","family":"Solstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, 9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5228-0329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana I.","family":"Lilleb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1670-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3663-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10162","article-title":"Evolution of collagens","volume":"268","author":"Exposito","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anat. 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