{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T17:03:46Z","timestamp":1774112626163,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":335,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Interreg project AQUAFISH0.0","award":["EAPA_0062\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA_0062\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Interreg project AQUAFISH0.0","award":["IPMA-2023-041-BIPD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPMA-2023-041-BIPD"]}]},{"name":"Interreg project AQUAFISH0.0","award":["EAPA_0062\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA_0062\/2022"]}]},{"name":"AQUAFISH0.0 Post-Doctoral Grant","award":["EAPA_0062\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA_0062\/2022"]}]},{"name":"AQUAFISH0.0 Post-Doctoral Grant","award":["IPMA-2023-041-BIPD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPMA-2023-041-BIPD"]}]},{"name":"AQUAFISH0.0 Post-Doctoral Grant","award":["EAPA_0062\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA_0062\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review examines recent advances in the extraction of valuable compounds from seaweed biomass, focusing on practical feasibility and environmental sustainability. There is a growing importance of seaweed biomass in terms of the study and acknowledgment of its untapped biotechnological potential (multiple compounds and biological activities) and in terms of economic impact. Conventional extraction techniques largely fail to address this challenge, even if optimized. This has led to the development and testing of innovative technologies as solutions for a \u2018green\u2019 and effective extraction of components from seaweed biomass and to biorefinery processes. There are large differences in outcomes between alternative processes, depending on the matrix, operational parameters, and targeted compounds and activities. Despite the positive results of some techniques, such as those based on physical mechanisms, namely Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and on enzymatic selectivity, i.e., Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE), there is no universally effective technique and approach, thus justifying integrated approaches combining different techniques. The application of \u2018green\u2019 solvents was also assessed and proven to harbor a large potential, just as the wet route. Although technical difficulties, outcome variability, and economic viability problems are relevant, recent progress in seaweed processing paves the way for a future blue economy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md23090366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T16:53:42Z","timestamp":1758300822000},"page":"366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Extraction of Marine Bioactive Compounds from Seaweed: Coupling Environmental Concerns and High Yields"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7273-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR (Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental), Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1832-3505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR (Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental), Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR (Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental), Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"El-Sheekh, M., and El-Fatah Abomohra, A. (2022). Global seaweeds diversity, Chapter Two. Handbook of Algal Fuels\u2014Aspects of Cultivation, Conversion, and Biorefinery, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.9755\/ejfa.2015-04-060","article-title":"Estimation of bioenergy potential for local biomass in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"28","author":"Ashraf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emir. J. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.03.100","article-title":"An overview of marine macroalgae as bioresource","volume":"91","author":"Sudhakar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2024.106453","article-title":"Seaweed bioactives potential as nutraceuticals and functional ingredients: A review","volume":"133","author":"Matos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy066","article-title":"Risks and benefits of consuming edible seaweeds","volume":"77","author":"Cherry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2016.08.016","article-title":"Application of seaweeds to develop new food products with enhanced shelf-life, quality and health-related beneficial properties","volume":"99","author":"Roohinejad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.11.002","article-title":"Seaweed products for the future: Using current tools to develop a sustainable food industry","volume":"118","author":"Blikra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez-Vazquez, A., Carpena, M., Barciela, P., Cassani, L., Simal-Gandara, J., and Prieto, M.A. (2023). Pressurized liquid extraction for the recovery of bioactive compounds from seaweeds for food industry application: A review. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030612"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.10.002","article-title":"The development of seaweed-derived bioactive compounds for use as prebiotics and nutraceuticals using enzyme technologies","volume":"70","author":"Charoensiddhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reboleira, J., Ganh\u00e3o, R., Mendes, S., Ad\u00e3o, P., Andrade, M., Vilarinho, F., Sanches-Silva, A., Sousa, D., Mateus, A., and Bernardino, S. (2020). Optimization of extraction conditions for Gracilaria gracilis extracts and their antioxidative stability as part of microfiber food coating additives. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184060"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunathilake, T., Akanbi, T.O., Suleria, H.A.R., Nalder, T.D., Francis, D.S., and Barrow, C.J. (2022). Seaweed phenolics as natural antioxidants, aquafeed additives, veterinary treatments and cross-linkers for microencapsulation. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20070445"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, L. (2018). Seaweeds as source of bioactive substances and skin care therapy\u2014Cosmeceuticals, algotheraphy, and thalassotherapy. Cosmetics, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics5040068"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arya, S.K., Khatri, M., and Singh, G. (2024). Pretreatment and fractionation of algae biomass for value-added extraction. Value Added Products from Bioalgae Based Biorefineries: Opportunities and Challenges, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-1662-3"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quit\u00e9rio, E., Grosso, C., Ferraz, R., Delerue-Matos, C., and Soares, C. (2022). A critical comparison of the advanced extraction techniques applied to obtain health-promoting compounds from seaweeds. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20110677"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-018-0177-x","article-title":"Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: A comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SU00204K","article-title":"Extraction of bioactive compounds from beachcast brown algae: A review on accelerated solvent extraction and subcritical water extraction","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Sustain."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.124147","article-title":"What is next? The greener future of solid liquid extraction of biobased compounds: Novel techniques and solvents overpower traditional ones","volume":"320","author":"Didion","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization (2018). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018\u2014Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Bourgougnon, N. (2020). Green and integrated processing approaches for the recovery of high-value compounds from brown seaweeds, Chapter Eleven. Seaweeds Around the World: State of Art and Perspectives\u2014Advances in Botanical Research, Academic Press (Elsevier)."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chemat, F., Vian, M.A., Ravi, H.K., Khadhraoui, B., Hilali, S., Perino, S., and Tixier, A.-S.F. (2019). Review of alternative solvents for green extraction of food and natural products: Panorama, principles, applications and prospects. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24163007"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"From sea to solution: A review of green extraction approaches for unlocking the potential of brown algae","volume":"48","author":"Irianto","year":"2024","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31274","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c02718","article-title":"A comprehensive review on advanced extraction techniques for retrieving bioactive components from natural sources","volume":"9","author":"Bhadange","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2024.101586","article-title":"Innovations in cell lysis strategies and efficient protein extraction from blue food (Seaweed)","volume":"39","author":"Naseem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sacramento, M.M.A., Borges, J., Correia, F.J.S., Calado, R., Rodrigues, J.M.M., Patr\u00edcio, S.G., and Mano, J.F. (2022). Green approaches for extraction, chemical modification and processing of marine polysaccharides for biomedical applications. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1041102"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres, M.D., Fl\u00f3rez-Fern\u00e1ndez, N., and Dom\u00ednguez, H. (2019). Integral utilization of red seaweed for bioactive production. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17060314"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-022-09826-z","article-title":"Biological properties and potential of compounds extracted from red seaweeds","volume":"22","author":"Carpena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-032818-121401","article-title":"Source, extraction, characterization, and applications of novel antioxidants from seaweed","volume":"10","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2015.12.011","article-title":"Production of sugars from macroalgae Gracilaria verrucosa using combined process of citric acid-catalyzed pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis","volume":"13","author":"Kwon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoo, C.G., Dasan, Y.K., Lam, M.K., and Lee, K.T. (2019). Algae biorefinery: Review on a broad spectrum of downstream processes and products. Bioresour. Technol., 292.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.121964"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Vi\u00f1as, M., Fl\u00f3rez-Fern\u00e1ndez, N., Dolores Torres, M., and Dom\u00ednguez, H. (2019). Successful approaches for a red seaweed biorefinery. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17110620"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2014.02.007","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges for seaweed in the biobased economy","volume":"32","author":"Huijgen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.09.067","article-title":"Seaweed biorefinery concept for sustainable use of marine resources","volume":"128","author":"Balina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2016.04.106","article-title":"Composition, properties and challenges of algae biomass for biofuel application: An overview","volume":"181","author":"Vassilev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142191","article-title":"Towards a zero-waste sustainable biorefinery of Codium sp. seaweed: From bioactives application to soil enhancement materials","volume":"453","author":"Martins","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112697","article-title":"Empowering blue economy: From underrated ecosystem to sustainable industry","volume":"291","author":"Choudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, M.M., Hosano, N., and Hosano, H. (2022). Recovering microalgal bioresources: A review of cell disruption methods and extraction technologies. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092786"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pantis, A., Nikoloudakis, C., and Tsoutsos, T. (2024). A critical review of macroalgae exploitation pathways implemented under the scope of Life Cycle Assessment. Chemengineering, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemengineering8040074"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheong, K.-L., Qiu, H.-M., Du, H., Liu, Y., and Khan, B.M. (2018). Oligosaccharides derived from red seaweed: Production, properties, and potential health and cosmetic applications. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102451"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, N., Le\u00e7a, J.M., Pereira, A.C., Pereira, V., Ferraz, S., Barreto, M.C., Marques, J.C., and de Carvalho, M.P. (2019). Evaluation of fucoxanthin contents in seaweed biomass by vortex-assisted solid-liquid microextraction using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Algal Res. Biomass Biofuels Bioprod., 42.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2019.101603"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.06.010","article-title":"Energy input, carbon intensity and cost for ethanol produced from farmed seaweed","volume":"38","author":"Philippsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceaser, R., Bedzo, O.K.K., and Donkor, K.O. (2025). Biorefinery approach to producing polysaccharides from seaweed: A focus on hydrocolloids and nanocellulose. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-024-06487-0"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2013.08.023","article-title":"Optimization of mechanical pre-treatment of Laminariaceae spp. biomass-derived biogas","volume":"62","author":"Tedesco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.10.053","article-title":"Co-digestion, pretreatment and digester design for enhanced methanogenesis","volume":"42","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-015-0663-9","article-title":"Brown seaweed processing: Enzymatic saccharification of Laminaria digitata requires no pre-treatment","volume":"28","author":"Manns","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2012.08.025","article-title":"Pretreatment of Laminaria japonica for bioethanol production with extremely low acid concentration","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kerton, F.M., and Yan, N. (2017). Fuels, Chemicals and Materials from the Oceans and Aquatic Sources, JohnWiley & Sons Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119117193"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2017.04.018","article-title":"Effect of glass transition on the shrinkage of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) during hot air convective drying","volume":"210","author":"Sappati","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2013.11.006","article-title":"Concentrated solar drying of tomatoes","volume":"19","author":"Ringeisen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2008.02.010","article-title":"A review of new technologies, models and experimental investigations of solar driers","volume":"13","author":"Murthy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"13","article-title":"Design, development and evaluation of seaweed drying technology for village level operation","volume":"17","author":"Pangan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Philipp. J. Agric. Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2010.12.022","article-title":"Effect of different drying temperatures on the moisture and phytochemical constituents of edible Irish brown seaweed","volume":"44","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"LWT\u2014Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2003.10.014","article-title":"Effect of hot air temperature on mechanical properties of dried apples","volume":"64","author":"Lewicki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.06.008","article-title":"Drying of seaweed: Approaches, challenges and research needs","volume":"138","author":"Santhoshkumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"29","article-title":"Potential of green seaweed Ulva rigida in Thailand for healthy snacks","volume":"44","author":"Thunyawanichnondh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fish. Environ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, A.F.R., Abreu, H., Silva, A.M.S., and Cardoso, S.M. (2019). Effect of oven-drying on the recovery of valuable compounds from Ulva rigida, Gracilaria sp. and Fucus vesiculosus. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17020090"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Susanti, D., Ruslan, F.S., Shukor, M.I., Nor, N.M., Aminudin, N.I., Taher, M., and Khotib, J. (2022). Optimisation of vitamin B12 extraction from green edible seaweed (Ulva lactuca) by applying the central composite design. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144459"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1080\/07373937.2019.1679830","article-title":"Effect of drying methods on bioactive compounds, nutritional, antioxidant, and antidiabetic potential of brown algae Durvillaea antarctica","volume":"38","author":"Uribe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dry. Technol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02225-x","article-title":"Effects of air drying and freezing and long-term storage on phytochemical composition of brown seaweeds","volume":"32","author":"Obluchinskaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2022.102906","article-title":"Carrageenan extraction from red seaweed (Kappaphycopsis cottonii) using the bead mill method","volume":"69","author":"Firdayanti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.076","article-title":"Towards an eco-friendly deconstruction of agro-industrial biomass and preparation of renewable cellulose nanomaterials: A review","volume":"161","author":"Teo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.07.075","article-title":"Optimization of bead milling parameters for the cell disruption of microalgae: Process modeling and application to Porphyridium cruentum and Nannochloropsis oculata","volume":"196","author":"Montalescot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c05823","article-title":"Ionic liquid-assisted selective extraction and partitioning of biomolecules from macroalgae","volume":"11","author":"Garcia","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alavijeh, R.S., Karimi, K., Wijffels, R.H., van den Berg, C., and Eppink, M. (2020). Combined bead milling and enzymatic hydrolysis for efficient fractionation of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae. Bioresour. Technol., 309.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123321"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2013.830131","article-title":"Influence of chemical, mechanical, and thermal pretreatment on the release of macromolecules from two Irish seaweed species","volume":"49","author":"Vanegas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.11.128","article-title":"Extrusion as a pretreatment to increase biogas production","volume":"102","author":"Hjorth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.K. (2020). Extraction and purification of fucoidan from marine sources. Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119143802"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(03)00605-8","article-title":"New trends in solid-phase extraction","volume":"22","author":"Poole","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2022.2074030","article-title":"Traditional and innovative approaches for the extraction of bioactive compounds","volume":"25","author":"Usman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.113976","article-title":"Willow bark and wood as a source of bioactive compounds and bioenergy feedstock","volume":"171","author":"Stolarski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bleakley, S., and Hayes, M. (2017). Algal proteins: Extraction, application, and challenges concerning production. Foods, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods6050033"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109558","article-title":"Overview of neoteric solvents as extractants in food industry: A focus on phenolic compounds separation from liquid streams","volume":"136","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Food Res. J."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.3390\/md13053182","article-title":"Alternative and efficient extraction methods for marine-derived compounds","volume":"13","author":"Grosso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/aocs.12935","article-title":"Assessing the efficiency of ethyl acetate for lipid extraction as an alternative to the Folch method in selected marine low-trophic species","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4297","DOI":"10.1021\/jf073471e","article-title":"Dichloromethane as a solvent for lipid extraction and assessment of lipid classes and fatty acids from samples of different natures","volume":"56","author":"Ravelo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.03.016","article-title":"Screening for bioactive compounds from algae","volume":"51","author":"Plaza","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-018-1651-7","article-title":"Enzyme-assisted extraction of Nizamuddinia zanardinii for the recovery of sulfated polysaccharides with anticancer and immune-enhancing activities","volume":"31","author":"Alboofetileh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Wang, Y., Yang, H., Li, H., Xu, W., Chen, G., and Zhu, H. (2018). Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Ascophyllum nodosum. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23081912"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2017.1414845","article-title":"Optimum conditions of microwave-assisted extraction for phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the brown alga Sargassum vestitum","volume":"53","author":"Dang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2017.06.009","article-title":"Ionic liquid-assisted subcritical water enhances the extraction of phenolics from brown seaweed and its antioxidant activity","volume":"196","author":"Dinh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-021-02446-8","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and related chemical composition of extracts from Brazilian beach-cast marine algae: Opportunities of turning a waste into a resource","volume":"33","author":"Harb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.12512","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of pressurised liquid and solid\u2013liquid extracts from four Irish origin macroalgae","volume":"49","author":"Heffernan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4270","DOI":"10.3390\/md13074270","article-title":"Laminarin from Irish brown seaweeds Ascophyllum nodosum and Laminaria hyperborea: Ultrasound assisted extraction, characterization and bioactivity","volume":"13","author":"Kadam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, F., Soares, C., Morais, S.L., Neves, C., Grosso, C., Ramalhosa, M.J., Vieira, M., Delerue-Matos, C., and Domingues, V.F. (2025). Optimized extraction protocols for bioactive antioxidants from commercial seaweeds in Portugal: A comparative study of techniques. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14030453"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, A., Rodrigues, C., Garcia-Oliveira, P., Louren\u00e7o-Lopes, C., Silva, S.A., Garcia-Perez, P., Carvalho, A.P., Domingues, V.F., Barroso, M.F., and Delerue-Matos, C. (2021). Screening of bioactive properties in brown algae from the Northwest Iberian Peninsula. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10081915"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"455","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of brown algae (Padina australis) from Atep Oki Coast, East Lembean of Minahasa Regency","volume":"14","author":"Singkoh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquac. Aquar. Conserv. Legis."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3422","DOI":"10.3390\/md13063422","article-title":"Biological properties of fucoxanthin in oil recovered from two brown seaweeds using supercritical CO2 extraction","volume":"13","author":"Sivagnanam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.066","article-title":"Impact of acidic, water and alkaline extraction on structural features, antioxidant activities of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides","volume":"112","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sunarwidhi, A.L., Hernawan, A., Frediansyah, A., Widyastuti, S., Martyasari, N.W.R., Abidin, A.S., Padmi, H., Handayani, E., Utami, N.W.P., and Maulana, F.A. (2022). Multivariate analysis revealed ultrasonic-assisted extraction improves anti-melanoma activity of non-flavonoid compounds in indonesian brown algae ethanol extract. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217509"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-017-1084-8","article-title":"Selective extraction of lipid classes from Solieria chordalis and Sargassum muticum using supercritical carbon dioxide and conventional solid\u2013liquid methods","volume":"29","author":"Terme","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ummat, V., Tiwari, B.K., Jaiswal, A.K., Condon, K., Garcia-Vaquero, M., O\u2019doherty, J., O\u2019donnell, C., and Rajauria, G. (2020). Optimisation of ultrasound frequency, extraction time and solvent for the recovery of polyphenols, phlorotannins and associated antioxidant activity from brown seaweeds. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18050250"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Monla, R., Dassouki, Z., Kouzayha, A., Salma, Y., Gali-Muhtasib, H., and Mawlawi, H. (2020). The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the brown algae Colpomenia sinuosa are mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25081993"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.176","article-title":"Microcrystalline cellulose from Posidonia oceanica brown algae: Extraction and characterization","volume":"138","author":"Tarchoun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.08.011","article-title":"An overview of extraction and purification techniques of seaweed dietary fibers for immunomodulation on gut microbiota","volume":"92","author":"Praveen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5920","DOI":"10.3390\/md13095920","article-title":"Therapies from fucoidan: An update","volume":"13","author":"Fitton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.3390\/md9102106","article-title":"Important determinants for fucoidan bioactivity: A critical review of structure-function relations and extraction methods for fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweeds","volume":"9","author":"Ale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2016.11.016","article-title":"Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction and purification","volume":"99","author":"Rajauria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thakur, M., and Belwal, T. (2023). Extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from different sources. Bioactive Components\u2014A Sustainable System for Good Health and Well-Being, Springer Nature. Chapter 8.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-2366-1"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.01.009","article-title":"Characterization of polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds","volume":"69","author":"Rioux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.03.056","article-title":"Molecular characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of the fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava","volume":"89","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2007.05.004","article-title":"A polysaccharide isolated from the brown seaweed Sargassum stenophyllum exerts antivasculogenic effects evidenced by modified morphogenesis","volume":"75","author":"Dias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.08.014","article-title":"Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction","volume":"153","author":"Saravana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, I.J., and Bal, T. (2024). Exploring carrageenan: From seaweed to biomedicine\u2014A comprehensive review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 268.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131822"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2010.07.039","article-title":"Extraction and physico-chemical characterization of a versatile biodegradable polysaccharide obtained from green algae","volume":"345","author":"Alves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioeng.2006.04.003","article-title":"Effect of extraction parameters on the chemical structure and gel properties of \u03ba\/\u03b9-hybrid carrageenans obtained from Mastocarpus stellatus","volume":"23","author":"Hilliou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_107","unstructured":"McHugh, D.J. (2003). A Guide to Seaweed Industry, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department."},{"key":"ref_108","unstructured":"Rao, A.R., and Ravishankar, G.A. (2022). Seaweeds: Potential applications of the aquatic vegetables to augment nutritional composition, texture, and health benefits of food and food products, Chapter 1. Sustainable Global Resources of Seaweeds, Volume 2 (Food, Pharmaceutical and Health Applications), Springer Nature."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muzzalupo, I. (2013). Seaweeds for food and industrial applications. Food Industry, InTechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/55834"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3144\/expresspolymlett.2018.27","article-title":"A review of extractions of seaweed hydrocolloids: Properties and applications","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Express Polym. Lett."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.3390\/md13063340","article-title":"Seaweed hydrocolloid production: An update on enzyme assisted extraction and modification technologies","volume":"13","author":"Ale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-007-9258-4","article-title":"Effect of alkali treatment time and extraction time on agar from Gracilaria vermiculophylla","volume":"20","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"738","article-title":"Carrageenan properties extracted from Eucheuma cottonii, Indonesia","volume":"78","author":"Distantina","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.07.001","article-title":"Agar extraction process for Gracilaria cliftonii","volume":"78","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.01.018","article-title":"Advances in pre-treatment techniques and green extraction technologies for bioactives from seaweeds","volume":"110","author":"Ummat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poojary, M.M., Barba, F.J., Aliakbarian, B., Dons\u00ec, F., Pataro, G., Dias, D.A., and Juliano, P. (2016). Innovative alternative technologies to extract carotenoids from microalgae and seaweeds. Mar. Drugs, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/md14110214"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciko\u0161, A.-M., Joki\u0107, S., \u0160ubari\u0107, D., and Jerkovi\u0107, I. (2018). Overview on the application of modern methods for the extraction of bioactive compounds from marine macroalgae. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16100348"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lomartire, S., and Gon\u00e7alves, A.M.M. (2022). Novel technologies for seaweed polysaccharides extraction and their use in food with therapeutically applications\u2014A Review. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11172654"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.06.067","article-title":"Multistage extraction and purification of waste Sargassum natans to produce sodium alginate: An optimization approach","volume":"198","author":"Mohammed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/01496390802282321","article-title":"Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by response surface methodology and antioxidant activities of the extracts","volume":"44","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.07.039","article-title":"Pressurised solvent extraction of policosanol from wheat straw, germ and bran","volume":"119","author":"Dunford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2005.07.005","article-title":"Extraction of phenolics from citrus peels: I. Solvent extraction method","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_123","unstructured":"Pawliszyn, J. (2012). Soxhlet extraction and new developments such as Soxtec. Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation\u2014Analytical Techniques for Scientists, Volume 2, Theory of Extraction Techniques, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"3301","article-title":"Optimization of the extraction process of phenolic compounds from the brown algae Sargassum fluitans B\u00f8rgesen (B\u00f8rgesen)","volume":"34","author":"Quintana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotecnol. Apl."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matos, G.S., Pereira, S.G., Genisheva, Z.A., Gomes, A.M., Teixeira, J.A., and Rocha, C.M.R. (2021). Advances in extraction methods to recover added-value compounds from seaweeds: Sustainability and functionality. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10030516"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1080\/00318884.2019.1640516","article-title":"Green technology in green macroalgal biorefineries","volume":"58","author":"Zollmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"ref_127","unstructured":"European Commission (2025, September 13). Communication from the European Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on a New Approach for Sustainable Blue Economy in the EU Transforming the EU\u2019s Blue Economy for a Sustainable Future. COM(2021) 240, Final: Brussels, Belgium. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0240."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.02.083","article-title":"Characterization of agarophytic seaweeds from the biorefinery context","volume":"159","author":"Baghel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2022.102725","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of a seaweed-based biorefinery concept for production of food, materials, and energy","volume":"65","author":"Nilsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakhate, P., and van der Meer, Y. (2021). A systematic review on seaweed functionality: A sustainable bio-based material. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13116174"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2016.01.001","article-title":"Macroalgae (seaweed) for liquid transportation biofuel production: What is next?","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1039\/C9GC00607A","article-title":"Novel macroalgae (seaweed) biorefinery systems for integrated chemical, protein, salt, nutrient and mineral extractions and environmental protection by green synthesis and life cycle sustainability assessments","volume":"21","author":"Sadhukhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2019.04.001","article-title":"Photo-protective compounds in red macroalgae from Brittany: Considerable diversity in mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)","volume":"147","author":"Lalegerie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.-K., and Chojnacka, K. (2015). A comparative analysis of carrageenans produced by underutilized versus industrially utilized macroalgae (Gigartinales Rhodophyta). Marine Algae Extracts Processes Products and Applications, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527679577"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2016.03.031","article-title":"Characterization, pretreatment and saccharification of spent seaweed biomass for bioethanol production using baker\u2019s yeast","volume":"90","author":"Sudhakar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1039\/C4GC02532F","article-title":"Biorefining of marine macroalgal biomass for production of biofuel and commodity chemicals","volume":"17","author":"Baghel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.12.051","article-title":"A simple process for recovery of a stream of products from marine macroalgal biomass","volume":"203","author":"Baghel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-017-9874-z","article-title":"Macroalgae biorefinery from Kappaphycus alvarezii: Conversion modeling and performance prediction for India and Philippines as examples","volume":"11","author":"Ingle","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioEnergy Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2018.04.014","article-title":"Recovery ratio and quality of an agricultural bio-stimulant and semi-refined carrageenan co-produced from the fresh biomass of Kappaphycus alvarezii with respect to seasonality","volume":"32","author":"Shanmugam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Gendy, N.S., Nassar, H.N., Ismail, A.R., Ali, H.R., Ali, B.A., Abdelsalam, K.M., and Mubarak, M. (2023). Fully integrated biorefinery process for the valorization of Ulva fasciata into different green and sustainable value-added products. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15097319"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-023-02154-7","article-title":"Sustainable biorefining and bioprocessing of green seaweed (Ulva spp.) for the production of edible (ulvan) and non-edible (polyhydroxyalkanoate) biopolymeric films","volume":"22","author":"Manikandan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Factories"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2020.113380","article-title":"Biorefinery for the co-production of protein, hydrochar and additional co-products from a green seaweed Ulva sp. with subcritical water hydrolysis","volume":"225","author":"Polikovsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2022.03.004","article-title":"From bio-based furanics to biodegradable plastics","volume":"8","author":"Paone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo\u2019o, F.R.C., Wilar, G., Devkota, H.P., and Wathoni, N. (2020). Ulvan, a polysaccharide from macroalga Ulva sp.: A review of chemistry, biological activities and potential for food and biomedical applications. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10165488"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., Sarkar, T., Pati, S., Kari, Z.A., Edinur, H.A., and Chakraborty, R. (2022). Novel bioactive compounds from marine sources as a tool for functional food development. Front. Mar. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.832957"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2115004","article-title":"Recent advances in biological properties of brown algae-derived compounds for nutraceutical applications","volume":"64","author":"Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2018.101389","article-title":"Optimisation of biorefinery production of alginate, fucoidan and laminar infrom brown seaweed Durvillaea potatorum","volume":"38","author":"Abraham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2022.102928","article-title":"Sequential extraction and fractionation of four polysaccharides from cultivated brown algae Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta","volume":"69","author":"Birgersson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121359","article-title":"Seaweed biorefinery: A sustainable process for valorising the biomass of brown seaweed","volume":"263","author":"Baghel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, Y., Tan, X., Fitzpatrick, S., Lyons, H., Zhu, X., and Tiwari, B.K. (2025). Impact of pre-treatment strategies for enhance conversion of Irish brown seaweed into high value ingredients using a biorefinery approach. Res. Sq.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5696543\/v1"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2017.10.022","article-title":"Development of a bio-refinery process for the production of speciality chemical, biofuel and bioactive compounds from Laminaria digitata","volume":"28","author":"Kostas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7673","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-022-03035-6","article-title":"Continuous microwave-assisted step-by-step extraction of bioactive water-soluble materials and fucoidan from brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida waste","volume":"14","author":"Sasaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1021\/acsagscitech.1c00159","article-title":"Sustainable production of quaternary ammonium seaweed polysaccharide salts and their evaluation for seed dressing in agricultural applications","volume":"1","author":"Sequeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Agric. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ummat, V., Sivagnanam, S.P., Rameshkumar, S., Pednekar, M., Fitzpatrick, S., Rai, D.K., Padamati, R.B., O\u2019DOnnell, C., and Tiwari, B.K. (2024). Sequential extraction of fucoidan, laminarin, mannitol, alginate and protein from brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 256.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128195"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2023.103243","article-title":"Novel biorefinery process for extraction of laminarin, alginate and protein from brown seaweed using hydrodynamic cavitation","volume":"74","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_156","unstructured":"Hjelland, F., Andersen, A.H., and Yang, H.S. (2020). Process for Isolating Fucoidan and Laminarin from Live, Harvested Seaweed. (US20120302742A1), U.S. Patents."},{"key":"ref_157","unstructured":"Groenendijk, F. (2016). North-Sea-Weed-Chain Sustainable Seaweed from the North Sea; An Exploration of the Value Chain, Wageningen Marine Research. IMARES Report C055\/16."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2024.104534","article-title":"Ulva species: A critical review on the green seaweed as a source of food protein","volume":"149","author":"Juul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2021.102496","article-title":"Ulva fenestrata protein\u2014Comparison of three extraction methods with respect to protein yield and protein quality","volume":"60","author":"Juul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_160","unstructured":"Damodaran, S., Parkin, K.L., and Fennema, O.R. (2008). Fennema\u2019s Food Chemistry, CRC Press. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-018-1481-7","article-title":"Production of protein extracts from Swedish red, green, and brown seaweeds, Porphyra umbilicalis K\u00fctzing, Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, and Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus) JV Lamouroux using three different methods","volume":"30","author":"Harrysson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.07.047","article-title":"Extraction of proteins from two marine macroalgae, Ulva sp. and Gracilaria sp., for food application, and evaluating digestibility, amino acid composition and antioxidant properties of the protein concentrates","volume":"87","author":"Kazir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.06.149","article-title":"Integration of protein extraction with a stream of byproducts from marine macroalgae: A model forms the basis for marine bioeconomy","volume":"243","author":"Gajaria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2019.101555","article-title":"Enrichment processes for the production of high-protein feed from the green seaweed Ulva ohnoi","volume":"41","author":"Magnusson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12688","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b02781","article-title":"Strategies for improving the protein yield in pH-shift processing of Ulva lactuca Linnaeus: Effects of ulvan lyases, pH-exposure time, and temperature","volume":"7","author":"Harrysson","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129683","article-title":"In vitro digestibility and Caco-2 cell bioavailability of sea lettuce (Ulva fenestrata) proteins extracted using pH-shift processing","volume":"356","author":"Trigo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-017-1319-8","article-title":"Biorefinery of the macroalgae Ulva lactuca: Extraction of proteins and carbohydrates by mild disintegration","volume":"30","author":"Postma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.115944","article-title":"Extraction and purification of seaweed protein from Ulva sp.\u2014Challenges to overcome","volume":"198","author":"Juel","year":"2024","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2017.08.030","article-title":"Extraction of inorganic materials from fresh and dried alga Saccharina japonica","volume":"5","author":"Boakye","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2012.08.016","article-title":"Pyrolysis of algal biomass","volume":"103","author":"Yanik","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-021-01326-y","article-title":"Recent progress in extraction\/transesterification techniques for the recovery of oil from algae biomass","volume":"13","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lajoie, L., Fabiano-Tixier, A.S., and Chemat, F. (2022). Water as green solvent: Methods of solubilisation and extraction of natural products\u2014Past, present and future solutions. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15121507"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00571","article-title":"Green and sustainable solvents in chemical processes","volume":"118","author":"Clarke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, R., Barbosa, A., Advinha, B., Sales, H., Pontes, R., and Nunes, J. (2023). Green extraction techniques of bioactive compounds: A state-of-the-art review. Processes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11082255"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098-021-02188-8","article-title":"The green solvent: A critical perspective","volume":"23","author":"Winterton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clean Technol. Environ. Policy"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2025.2452411","article-title":"Unlocking sustainable extraction of natural antioxidants: Green solvents, smart technologies, scalability and future directions","volume":"60","author":"Bouizgma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.07.027","article-title":"Il-based advanced techniques for the extraction of value-added compounds from natural sources and food by-products","volume":"119","author":"Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100502","DOI":"10.1002\/masy.202100502","article-title":"Efforts to replace methylene chloride in pharmaceutical process chemistry","volume":"407","author":"Yogesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Macromol. Symp."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1039\/C9GC03878G","article-title":"A review of sustainable and intensified techniques for extraction of food and natural products","volume":"22","author":"Chemat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huam\u00e1n-Castilla, N.L., Allcca-Alca, E.E., Nina, F.H., Le\u00f3n-Calvo, N.C., Vilca, F.Z., and Chura, Y.L.V. (2024). Pressurized liquid extraction of antioxidant and \u03b1-amylase-inhibitory compounds from red seaweed using water\u2013ethanol mixtures. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29215018"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-019-01973-9","article-title":"Constructing ethanol-derived bioactive extracts using the brown seaweed Zonaria tournefortii (J.V.Lamouroux) Montagne performed with Timatic extractor by means of response surface methodology (RSM)","volume":"32","author":"Nunes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2018.10.005","article-title":"Eucalyptol-based green extraction of brown alga Zonaria tournefortii","volume":"10","author":"Hamiche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012010","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/718\/1\/012010","article-title":"The effect of different type of solvents on the antioxidant activity of fucoxanthin extract from brown seaweed Sargassum duplicatum","volume":"718","author":"Savira","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Env. Sci."},{"key":"ref_184","first-page":"100991","article-title":"Recent progress in natural seaweed pigments: Green extraction, health-promoting activities, techno-functional properties and role in intelligent food packaging","volume":"15","author":"Manzoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ktari, L., Mdallel, C., Aoun, B., Ajjabi, L.C., and Sadok, S. (2021). Fucoxanthin and phenolic contents of six Dictyotales from the Tunisian Coasts with an emphasis for a green extraction using a supercritical CO2 method. Front. Mar. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.647159"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2016.06.004","article-title":"Comparison of extraction methods for selected carotenoids from macroalgae and the assessment of their seasonal\/spatial variation","volume":"37","author":"Heffernan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/pre.12191","article-title":"Isolation of chlorophylls and carotenoids from freshwater algae using different extraction methods","volume":"66","author":"Fabrowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.5123","article-title":"Macroalgal biomass hydrolysis using dicationic acidic ionic liquids","volume":"92","author":"Malihan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4287","DOI":"10.1039\/C6GC01059H","article-title":"Recovery of phycobiliproteins from the red macroalga: Gracilaria sp. using ionic liquid aqueous solutions","volume":"18","author":"Martins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.117589","article-title":"Extraction of chlorophyll from wild and farmed Ulva spp. using aqueous solutions of ionic liquids","volume":"254","author":"Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1039\/C4GC01208A","article-title":"Design of low-cost ionic liquids for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment","volume":"17","author":"George","year":"2015","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2017.06.055","article-title":"Recovery of carrageenan from Solomon Islands red seaweed using ionic liquid-assisted subcritical water extraction","volume":"196","author":"Gereniu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3390\/suschem5020009","article-title":"Aqueous solution of ionic liquid is an efficient substituting solvent system for the extraction of alginate from Sargassum tenerrimum","volume":"5","author":"Moradiya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.09.114","article-title":"Deep eutectic solvents as efficient solvent system for the extraction of \u03ba-carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii","volume":"136","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18149","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra43404d","article-title":"Dissolution of \u03b1-chitin in deep eutectic solvents","volume":"3","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103438","article-title":"Extraction of macroalgae phenolic compounds for cosmetic application using eutectic solvents","volume":"79","author":"Santos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10399","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-021-01985-x","article-title":"Optimisation of cellulase--assisted extraction of laminarin from the brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima, using response surface methodology","volume":"13","author":"Lufu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1039\/C7GC00705A","article-title":"An economically viable ionic liquid for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass","volume":"19","author":"Gschwend","year":"2017","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2014.01.016","article-title":"Methods for recovery of ionic liquids\u2014A review","volume":"49","author":"Mai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Process. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2021.02.009","article-title":"Conventional versus green extraction techniques\u2014A comparative perspective","volume":"40","author":"Mahomoodally","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4444","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11166","article-title":"Novel postharvest processing strategies for value-added applications of marine algae","volume":"101","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamamouche, K., Elhadj, Z., Khattabi, L., Zahnit, W., Djemoui, B., Kharoubi, O., Boussebaa, W., Bouderballa, M., Kallouche, M.E.M., and Attia, S.M. (2024). Impact of ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction on bioactive compounds and biological activities of Jania rubens and Sargassum muticum. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/md22120530"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00f6nsson, M., Allahgholi, L., Sardari, R.R.R., Hreggvi\u00f0sson, G.O., and Karlsson, E.N. (2020). Extraction and modification of macroalgal polysaccharides for current and next-generation applications. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25040930"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5790","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC04009G","article-title":"Seaweed-based polysaccharides\u2014Review of extraction, characterization, and bioplastic application","volume":"26","author":"Krishnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2020.105325","article-title":"Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable processing by-products: A review","volume":"70","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1969534","article-title":"Seaweed polysaccharides: Emerging extraction technologies, chemical modifications and bioactive properties","volume":"63","author":"Otero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/07328303.2023.2280560","article-title":"Ulvan from green seaweed Ulva lactuca: Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction, structure, and cytotoxic activity","volume":"42","author":"Thanh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Carbohydr. Chem."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Touhamia, Y., Aamiri, A., Baghel, R.S., and Bellahcen, T.O. (2023). Exploring sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds: An extensive review on structures, extraction and biorefining processes, applications, and biological functions. SSRN.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4655416"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wassie, T., Niu, K., Xie, C., Wang, H., and Xin, W. (2021). Extraction techniques, biological activities and health benefits of marine algae Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.747928"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.158","article-title":"Microwave-assisted extraction of Ulva spp. including a stage of selective coagulation of ulvan stimulated by a bio-ionic liquid","volume":"225","author":"Torres","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhaouafi, J., Nedjar, N., Jridi, M., Romdhani, M., and Balti, R. (2024). Extraction of protein and bioactive compounds from Mediterranean red algae (Sphaerococcus coronopifolius and Gelidium spinosum) using various innovative pretreatment strategies. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13091362"},{"key":"ref_212","first-page":"178","article-title":"Comprehensive literature review on valuable compounds and extraction technologies: The Eastern Baltic Sea seaweeds","volume":"24","author":"Ivanovs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Clim. Technol."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.108837","article-title":"Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted hot acidic solvent extraction of ulvan from Ulva intestinalis of the Persian Gulf: Evaluation of structural, techno-functional, and bioactivity properties","volume":"142","author":"Kazemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belhadj, R.N.A., Mellinas, C., Jim\u00e9nez, A., Bordehore, C., and Garrig\u00f3s, M.C. (2024). Invasive seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae: A potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13111298"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2020.102114","article-title":"Ultrasound assisted extraction of selected edible macroalgae: Effect on antioxidant activity and quantitative assessment of polyphenols by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS)","volume":"52","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Z.J., Xie, C., Duan, X., Ng, K., and Suleria, H.A.R. (2024). Optimization of ultrasonic extraction parameters for the recovery of phenolic compounds in brown seaweed: Comparison with conventional techniques. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040409"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2022.12.005","article-title":"Enzymatic approach for the extraction of bioactive fractions from red, green and brown seaweeds","volume":"138","author":"Cunha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-021-02757-1","article-title":"Intensification strategies for the extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids and other lipophilic fractions from seaweeds","volume":"15","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111553","article-title":"Macroalgal biorefinery concepts for the circular bioeconomy: A review on biotechnological developments and future perspectives","volume":"151","author":"Kostas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yong, W.T.L., Thien, V.Y., Misson, M., Chin, G.J.W.L., Hussin, S.N.I.S., Chong, H.L.H., Yusof, N.A., Ma, N.L., and Rodrigues, K.F. (2024). Seaweed: A bioindustrial game-changer for the green revolution. Biomass Bioenergy, 183.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2024.107122"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan-Utai, W., Pantoa, T., Roytrakul, S., Praiboon, J., Kosawatpat, P., Tamtin, M., and Thongdang, B. (2023). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and antioxidant potential of valuable protein from Ulva rigida macroalgae. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010086"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, B., Golokhvast, K.S., Yang, S.H., and Sun, S. (2019). Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa and evaluation of their antioxidant activity. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8050129"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.12944\/CRNFSJ.9.3.03","article-title":"An overview on the use of Response Surface Methodology to model and optimize extraction processes in the food industry","volume":"9","author":"Aguilar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Nutr. Food Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pappou, S., Dardavila, M.M., Savvidou, M.G., Louli, V., Magoulas, K., and Voutsas, E. (2022). Extraction of bioactive compounds from Ulva lactuca. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12042117"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2016.03.013","article-title":"Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) for the production of antiviral and antioxidant extracts from the green seaweed Ulva armoricana (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae)","volume":"16","author":"Hardouin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_226","unstructured":"Trincone, A. (2013). Polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from marine bacteria. Marine Enzymes for Biocatalysis, Woodhead Publishing."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hung, Y.-H.R., Chen, G.-W., Pan, C.-L., and Lin, H.-T.V. (2021). Production of ulvan oligosaccharides with antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory activities by microbial enzymatic hydrolysis. Fermentation, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation7030160"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malvis Romero, A., Picado Morales, J.J., Klose, L., and Liese, A. (2023). Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of ulvan from the green macroalgae Ulva fenestrata. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28196781"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.07.026","article-title":"Upgrading the antioxidant properties of fucoidan and alginate from Cystoseira trinodis by fungal fermentation or enzymatic pretreatment of the seaweed biomass","volume":"269","author":"Hifney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.126166","article-title":"Fermentative lactic acid production from seaweed hydrolysate using Lactobacillus sp. and Weissella sp","volume":"344","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Vaquero, M., Ummat, V., Tiwari, B., and Rajauria, G. (2020). Exploring ultrasound, microwave and ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction technologies to increase the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidants from brown macroalgae. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18030172"},{"key":"ref_232","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of phlorotannin from Sargassum swartzii (Turn.) C. Ag. with ethanol\/water","volume":"16","author":"Toan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2021.1954020","article-title":"Microwave-assisted extraction of sodium alginate from brown macroalgae Nizimuddinia zanardinii, optimization and physicochemical properties","volume":"57","author":"Torabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.04.121","article-title":"Microwave-assisted hydrothermal extraction of sulfated polysaccharides from Ulva spp. and Monostroma latissimum","volume":"210","author":"Tsubaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.5b00094","article-title":"Microwave assisted acid hydrolysis of brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum for bioethanol production and characterization of alga residue","volume":"3","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.11.061","article-title":"Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities","volume":"181","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zayed, A., Finkelmeier, D., Hahn, T., Rebers, L., Shanmugam, A., Burger-Kentischer, A., and Ulber, R. (2023). Characterization and cytotoxic activity of microwave-assisted extracted crude fucoidans from different brown seaweeds. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21010048"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2017.08.002","article-title":"Combined process of high-pressure homogenization and hydrothermal extraction for the extraction of fucoidan with good antioxidant properties from Nemacystus decipiens","volume":"106","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5792","DOI":"10.1021\/jf400740p","article-title":"Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida","volume":"61","author":"Quitain","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2016.05.037","article-title":"Influence of co-solvents on fucoxanthin and phlorotannin recovery from brown seaweed using supercritical CO2","volume":"120","author":"Saravana","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, S., Niu, L., Shibata, M., Liu, Y., and Hagiwara, T. (2022). Optimization of fucoxanthin extraction obtained from natural by-products from Undaria pinnatifida stem using supercritical CO2 extraction method. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.981176"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.119","article-title":"Subcritical water extraction as an efficient technique to isolate biologically-active fucoidans from Nizamuddinia zanardinii","volume":"128","author":"Alboofetileh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02043-1","article-title":"A greener alternative using subcritical water extraction to valorize the brown macroalgae Ecklonia maxima for bioactive compounds","volume":"32","author":"Bordoloi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2022.105732","article-title":"Subcritical water extraction for recovery of phenolics and fucoidan from New Zealand Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) seaweed","volume":"190","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-017-1245-9","article-title":"Subcritical water extraction of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica: Optimization, characterization and biological studies","volume":"30","author":"Saravana","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.01.041","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction and structural characterization by NMR of alginates and carrageenans from seaweeds","volume":"166","author":"Youssouf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2018.12.021","article-title":"Ecofriendly extraction of bioactive fractions from Sargassum muticum","volume":"79","author":"Casas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Process. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13696","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b01089","article-title":"Functional protein concentrates extracted from the green marine macroalga Ulva sp., by high voltage pulsed electric fields and mechanical press","volume":"6","author":"Robin","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-024-03432-x","article-title":"High-voltage pulsed electric fields and pH shift process for protein and solute release from Gracilaria sp., red edible seaweed","volume":"17","author":"Kashyap","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-016-0957-6","article-title":"pH-driven solubilization and isoelectric precipitation of proteins from the brown seaweed Saccharina latissima \u2014Effects of osmotic shock, water volume and temperature","volume":"29","author":"Vilge","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-016-1043-9","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction of fucoidan from Sargassum muticum","volume":"29","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chemat, F., and Cravotto, G. (2012). Microwave-assisted extraction: An introduction to dielectric heating. Microwave-Assisted Extraction for Bioactive Compounds, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4830-3"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobrin\u010di\u0107, A., Balbino, S., Zori\u0107, Z., Pedisi\u0107, S., Kova\u010devi\u0107, D.B., Garofuli\u0107, I.E., and Dragovi\u0107-Uzelac, V. (2020). Advanced technologies for the extraction of marine brown algal polysaccharides. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18030168"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.096","article-title":"Physicochemical characterization and in vitro hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides from Sargassum pallidum by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction","volume":"109","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.12.053","article-title":"The comparative influence of novel extraction technologies on in vitro prebiotic-inducing chemical properties of fucoidan extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum","volume":"90","author":"Okolie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.094","article-title":"Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of Sargassum thunbergii polysaccharides and its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities","volume":"173","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.118169","article-title":"Microwave-assisted extraction, partial purification and biological activity in vitro of polysaccharides from bladder-wrack (Fucus vesiculosus) by using deep eutectic solvents","volume":"259","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-017-1192-5","article-title":"Antiherpetic (HSV-1) activity of carrageenans from the red seaweed Solieria chordalis (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) extracted by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)","volume":"29","author":"Boulho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9104835","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9104835","article-title":"Bioactive potential of brown algae","volume":"2022","author":"Remya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adsorpt. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.06.006","article-title":"Acceleration of microwave-assisted extraction processes of food components by integrating technologies and applying emerging solvents: A review of latest developments","volume":"67","author":"Ekezie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carreira-Casais, A., Otero, P., Garcia-Perez, P., Garcia-Oliveira, P., Pereira, A.G., Carpena, M., Soria-Lopez, A., Simal-Gandara, J., and Prieto, M.A. (2021). Benefits and drawbacks of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for the recovery of bioactive compounds from marine algae. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179153"},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, A., Silva, S.A., Carpena, M., Garcia-Oliveira, P., Gull\u00f3n, P., Barroso, M.F., Prieto, M., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2020). Macroalgae as a source of valuable antimicrobial compounds: Extraction and applications. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9100642"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.03.040","article-title":"Microwave, ultrasound, thermal treatments, and bead milling as intensification techniques for extraction of lipids from oleaginous Yarrowia lipolytica yeast for a biojetfuel application","volume":"211","author":"Meullemiestre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S.-H., Chen, C.-Y., Chang, C.-C., Huang, C.-Y., Dong, C.-D., and Chang, J.-S. (2021). Isolation and purification of brown algae fucoidan from Sargassum siliquosum and the analysis of anti-lipogenesis activity. Biochem. Eng. J., 165.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2020.107798"},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2022.102821","article-title":"Combined extraction methodology for simultaneous recovery of phycobiliproteins and agar from the red alga Gracilaria chilensis CJ Bird, McLachlan & EC Oliveira","volume":"67","author":"Correa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Algal. Res."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-017-1342-9","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from brown alga Fucus evanescens. Structure and biological activity of the new fucoidan fractions","volume":"30","author":"Hmelkov","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-016-0824-5","article-title":"Ulvan from green algae Ulva intestinalis: Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity","volume":"28","author":"Rahimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2017.04.008","article-title":"Multistage recovery process of seaweed pigments: Investigation of ultrasound assisted extraction and ultra-filtration performances","volume":"104","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2021.105671","article-title":"Optimization and kinetic modeling of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of fucoxanthin from edible brown algae Sargassum fusiforme using green solvents","volume":"77","author":"Nie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-015-0674-6","article-title":"Increased lipid productivity of Acutodesmus dimorphus using optimized pulsed electric field","volume":"28","author":"La","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zayed, A., El-Seadawy, H.M., Attia, E.Z., Rushdi, M.I., and Abdelmohsen, U.R. (2024). Adopting biorefinery and a circular bioeconomy for extracting and isolating natural products from marine algae. Front. Nat. Prod., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fntpr.2024.1425242"},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miklav\u010di\u010d, D. (2016). Pulsed electric fields and electroporation technologies in marine macroalgae biorefineries. Handbook of Electroporation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26779-1"},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2016.03.013","article-title":"Towards marine biorefineries: Selective proteins extractions from marine macroalgae Ulva with pulsed electric fields","volume":"37","author":"Polikovsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2018.11.005","article-title":"Pulsed electric field permeabilization and extraction of phycoerythrin from Porphyridium cruentum","volume":"37","author":"Delso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castej\u00f3n, N., Thorarinsdottir, K.A., Einarsd\u00f3ttir, R., Kristbergsson, K., and Marteinsd\u00f3ttir, G. (2021). Exploring the potential of Icelandic seaweeds extracts produced by aqueous pulsed electric fields-assisted extraction for cosmetic applications. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19120662"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golberg, A., Sack, M., Teissie, J., Pataro, G., Pliquett, U., Saulis, G., Stefan, T., Miklavcic, D., Vorobiev, E., and Frey, W. (2016). Energy-efficient biomass processing with pulsed electric fields for bioeconomy and sustainable development. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-016-0508-z"},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Echave, J., Fraga-Corral, M., Garcia-Perez, P., Popovi\u0107-Djordjevi\u0107, J., Avdovi\u0107, E.H., Radulovi\u0107, M., Xiao, J., Prieto, M.A., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2021). Seaweed protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides: Extraction, purification, and applications. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19090500"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connor, J.O., Meaney, S., Williams, G.A., and Hayes, M. (2020). Extraction of protein from four different seaweeds using three different physical pre-treatment strategies. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25082005"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, D., Freitas, A.C., Queir\u00f3s, R., Rocha-Santos, T.A., Saraiva, J.A., Gomes, A.M., and Duarte, A.C. (2017). Bioactive polysaccharide extracts from Sargassum muticum by High Hydrostatic Pressure. J. Food Process. Preserv., 41.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.12977"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2019.02.014","article-title":"Effects of high hydrostatic pressure and polysaccharidases on the extraction of antioxidant compounds from red macroalgae, Palmaria palmata and Solieria chordalis","volume":"252","author":"Suwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126200","article-title":"Extracts from the edible insects Acheta domesticus and Tenebrio molitor with improved fatty acid profile due to ultrasound assisted or pressurized liquid extraction","volume":"314","author":"Otero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.07.151","article-title":"Green and efficient extraction of polysaccharides from brown seaweed by adding deep eutectic solvent in subcritical water hydrolysis","volume":"198","author":"Saravana","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2017.03.033","article-title":"Macroalga Padina pavonica water extracts obtained by pressurized liquid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction inhibit hyaluronidase activity as shown by capillary electrophoresis","volume":"1497","author":"Fayad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Otero, P., Quintana, S.E., Reglero, G., Fornari, T., and Garc\u00eda-Risco, M.R. (2018). Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) as an innovative green technology for the effective enrichment of Galician algae extracts with high quality fatty acids and antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16050156"},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dominguez, H., Pereira, L., and Kraan, S. (2013). Subcritical water extraction of bioactive components from algae, Chapter 16. Functional Ingredients from Algae for Foods and Nutraceuticals, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857098689"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.11.018","article-title":"Recent advances in the extraction of bioactive compounds with subcritical water: A review","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.104316","article-title":"Valorization of food wastes by implementation of subcritical water extraction: A comprehensive review","volume":"143","author":"Majeed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.11002\/kjfp.2014.21.1.62","article-title":"Characteristics of marine algae extracts using subcritical water extract method","volume":"21","author":"Na","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Food Preserv."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2023.464267","article-title":"Extractability, selectivity, and comprehensiveness in supercritical fluid extraction of seaweed using ternary mixtures of carbon dioxide, ethanol, and water","volume":"1706","author":"Gondo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_290","unstructured":"Gondo, T.F. (2024). Advancing Selectivity in Extraction and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Seaweed and Plant-Based Foods. [Doctoral Thesis, Lund University]."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.5650\/jos.ess22077","article-title":"Extraction of fucoxanthin isomers from the edible brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida using supercritical CO2: Effects of extraction conditions on isomerization and recovery of fucoxanthin","volume":"71","author":"Honda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oleo Sci."},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2017.02.023","article-title":"Antioxidant capacity of Colombian seaweeds: 1. Extracts obtained from Gracilaria mammillaris by means of supercritical fluid extraction","volume":"128","author":"Ospina","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_293","unstructured":"Rudke, A.R. (2024). The Biorefinery Concept Applied to the Red Macroalgae Kappaphyccus alvarezii: Green Extraction Technologies. [Doctoral Thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina]."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/lite.201500060","article-title":"From supercritical carbon dioxide to gas expanded liquids in extraction and chromatography of lipids","volume":"27","author":"Turner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lipid Technol."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5427","DOI":"10.1039\/C9GC02140J","article-title":"Extending the design space in solvent extraction\u2014From supercritical fluids to pressurized liquids using carbon dioxide, ethanol, ethyl lactate, and water in a wide range of proportions","volume":"21","author":"Cunico","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2024.102932","article-title":"Technical evaluation of supercritical fluid impregnation scaling-up of olive leaf extract: Froml to pilot scale","volume":"88","author":"Machado","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.109970","article-title":"Enhancement of phenolic compounds extraction from grape pomace by high voltage atmospheric cold plasma","volume":"133","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103705","article-title":"Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) as an innovative pre-treatment for extraction of natural compounds from the brown seaweed Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt 1955 (Ochrophytina, Fucales)","volume":"83","author":"Boy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.04.060","article-title":"Pretreatment of the macroalgae Chaetomorpha linum for the production of bioethanol\u2014Comparison of five pretreatment technologies","volume":"140","author":"Thygesen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2011.02.003","article-title":"Decontamination of objects in a sealed container by means of atmospheric pressure plasmas","volume":"22","author":"Leipold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_301","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Correa, J.R., Mateos, R., and Dom\u00ednguez, H. (2023). Clean and green analytical techniques. Marine Phenolic Compounds: Science and Engineering, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3390\/chromatography2030293","article-title":"Recent developments and applications of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) in food and environmental analysis\u2014A review","volume":"2","author":"Merkle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chromatography"},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.03.027","article-title":"Bioactive phenols in algae: The application of pressurized-liquid and solid-phase extraction techniques","volume":"51","author":"Klejdus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.04.002","article-title":"A green and simple sample preparation method to determine pesticides in rice using a combination of SPME and rotating disk sorption devices","volume":"1069","author":"Omena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2011.06.014","article-title":"Enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactives from plants","volume":"30","author":"Puri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117266","article-title":"Enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from seaweeds and microalgae","volume":"167","author":"Sanjeewa","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2012.09.023","article-title":"Extraction of protein from the macroalga Palmaria palmata","volume":"51","author":"Harnedy","year":"2013","journal-title":"LWT\u2014Food. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.201","article-title":"Effect of different non-conventional extraction methods on the antibacterial and antiviral activity of fucoidans extracted from Nizamuddinia zanardinii","volume":"124","author":"Alboofetileh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.141","article-title":"Effect of extraction procedures on structural, thermal and antioxidant properties of ulvan from Ulva lactuca collected in Monastir Coast","volume":"105","author":"Yaich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nova, P., Cunha, S.A., Costa-Pinto, A.R., and Gomes, A.M. (2024). Chemical and antioxidant properties of solvent and enzyme-assisted extracts of Fucus vesiculosus and Porphyra dioica. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/md22070319"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-024-03436-2","article-title":"Application of enzyme-assisted extraction on the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus (Ochrophyta, Fucaceae) to produce extracts for a sustainable agriculture","volume":"37","author":"Choulot","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2013.818012","article-title":"Enzymatic hydrolysis of plants and algae for extraction of bioactive compounds","volume":"29","author":"Hammed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.03.006","article-title":"Enzyme assisted extraction of biomolecules as an approach to novel extraction technology: A review","volume":"108","author":"Nadar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-017-1086-6","article-title":"Total phenolic content and biological activities of enzymatic extracts from Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt","volume":"29","author":"Puspita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1021\/jf504220e","article-title":"Impact of enzyme- and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods on biological properties of red, brown, and green seaweeds from the central west coast of Portugal","volume":"63","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7194","DOI":"10.3390\/en7117194","article-title":"Macroalgae-derived biofuel: A review of methods of energy extraction from seaweed biomass","volume":"7","author":"Milledge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2017.10.005","article-title":"Diversity of monosaccharides in marine macroalgae from the eastern Mediterranean Sea","volume":"28","author":"Robin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2017.12.005","article-title":"Monascus spp. fermented brown seaweeds extracts enhance bio-functional activities","volume":"21","author":"Suraiya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.05.016","article-title":"Chemical structure and molecular weight influence the in vitro fermentability of polysaccharide extracts from the edible seaweeds Himathalia elongata and Gigartina pistillata","volume":"83","author":"Martera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudhakar, M., and Dharani, G. (2022). Evaluation of seaweed for the production of lactic acid by fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum. Bioresour. Technol. Rep., 17.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2021.100890"},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tabacof, A., Calado, V., and Pereira, N. (2024). The macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii as a potential raw material for fermentation processes within the biorefinery concept: Challenges and perspectives. Fermentation, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation10060283"},{"key":"ref_322","unstructured":"Cheng, J. (2017). Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2015.01.018","article-title":"Plants, seaweeds, microalgae and food by-products as natural sources of functional ingredients obtained using pressurized liquid extraction and supercritical fluid extraction","volume":"71","author":"Herrero","year":"2015","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o-Lopes, C., Garcia-Oliveira, P., Carpena, M., Fraga-Corral, M., Jimenez-Lopez, C., Pereira, A.G., Prieto, M.A., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2020). Scientific approaches on extraction, purification and stability for the commercialization of fucoxanthin recovered from brown algae. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9081113"},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2023.103388","article-title":"Extraction of bioactive compounds of Hypnea flagelliformis by ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled with natural deep eutectic solvent and enzyme inhibitory activity","volume":"78","author":"Olfat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2022.103231","article-title":"Enzymatic cell wall degradation combined with pulsed electric fields increases yields of water-soluble-protein extraction from the green marine macroalga Ulva sp","volume":"84","author":"Steinbruch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2017.02.030","article-title":"Ultrasound assisted methods for enhanced extraction of phycobiliproteins from marine macro-algae, Gelidium pusillum (Rhodophyta)","volume":"38","author":"Mittal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Guillard, C., Berg\u00e9, J.-P., Donnay-Moreno, C., Cornet, J., Ragon, J.-Y., Fleurence, J., and Dumay, J. (2023). Optimization of R-phycoerythrin extraction by Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic hydrolysis: A comprehensive study on the wet seaweed Grateloupia turuturu. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21040213"},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2015.11.002","article-title":"Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of R-phycoerythrin from Grateloupia turuturu with and without enzyme addition","volume":"12","author":"Dumay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2025.103896","article-title":"Exploring pilot scale ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction of organic acids and phytochemicals from brown seaweed Alaria esculenta","volume":"86","author":"Das","year":"2025","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrag\u00e1n, J.A.H., Olivieri, G., Boboescu, I., Eppink, M., Wijffels, R., and Kazbar, A. (2022). Enzyme assisted extraction for seaweed multiproduct biorefinery: A techno-economic analysis. Front. Mar. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.948086"},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.739217","article-title":"Farming a wild seaweed and changes to its composition, bioactivity, and bioaccessibility: The Saccorhiza polyschides case study","volume":"566","author":"Cardoso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2018.11.007","article-title":"Starch from the sea: The green macroalga Ulva ohnoi as a potential source for sustainable starch production in the marine biorefinery","volume":"37","author":"Prabhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2022.2089869","article-title":"Emerging green cell disruption techniques to obtain valuable compounds from macro and microalgae: A review","volume":"43","author":"Saravana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2020.115895","article-title":"Recent advances in scaling-up of non-conventional extraction techniques: Learning from successes and failures","volume":"127","author":"Belwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/23\/9\/366\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:46:11Z","timestamp":1760035571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/23\/9\/366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"references-count":335,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["md23090366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md23090366","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]}}}