{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:54:45Z","timestamp":1776963285090,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"I-SITE Graduate School","award":["ANR-20-DFRI-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-DFRI-0003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porphyridium species are known red microalgae for producing valuable bioactive compounds such as sulfated exopolysaccharides (EPS) with diverse industrial biomedical applications due to their functional and rheological properties. Recent studies have investigated how abiotic stresses, particularly nitrogen deprivation, affect Porphyridium\u2019s metabolic regulation and EPS production through transcriptomic analysis. Still, the mechanisms governing EPS biosynthesis and the involvement of carbohydrate-activated enzymes (CAZymes) remain poorly understood. This study investigated the progressive effects of nitrate consumption on the unicellular red alga, P. purpureum, by integrating physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses through RNA-Seq, further validated by RT-qPCR. P. purpureum displayed a gradual, phase-dependent metabolic response to progressive nitrogen stress. EPS release coincided with the decline in nitrate uptake, linking nitrogen availability to carbon redirection towards polysaccharide secretion. Transcriptomic data revealed global metabolic downregulation with targeted upregulation of stress-responsive, carbohydrate catabolic, and nucleotide\u2013sugar synthesis pathways, including the upregulation of CAZyme families GT4, GT8, and GT77. Our results give insights into the coordinated nitrogen and carbon metabolic regulation underlying polysaccharide biosynthesis, while opening future perspectives on enzyme compartmentalization and regulatory flux distribution under nitrogen stress in P. purpureum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24010040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:52:57Z","timestamp":1768319577000},"page":"40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transcriptomic Insights into Metabolic Reprogramming and Exopolysaccharide Synthesis in Porphyridium purpureum Under Gradual Nitrogen Deprivation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3449-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurean","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR CNRS 6602 Institut Pascal, Clermont Auvergne INP, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Coline","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR CNRS 6602 Institut Pascal, Clermont Auvergne INP, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"UMR 1095 G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Diversit\u00e9 et Ecophysiologie des C\u00e9r\u00e9ales, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Dupuits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1095 G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Diversit\u00e9 et Ecophysiologie des C\u00e9r\u00e9ales, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Gardarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR CNRS 6602 Institut Pascal, Clermont Auvergne INP, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Mouzeyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1095 G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Diversit\u00e9 et Ecophysiologie des C\u00e9r\u00e9ales, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3101-693X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1095 G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Diversit\u00e9 et Ecophysiologie des C\u00e9r\u00e9ales, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Laroche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.13431","article-title":"How Many Species of Algae Are There? 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