{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T19:57:55Z","timestamp":1774641475360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UID\/4585\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/4585\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre \u2013 Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) which is supported by the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portuguese Agency for Scientific Research"},{"name":"FCT","award":["UID\/PRR\/00313\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR\/00313\/2025"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UID\/PRR2\/00313\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR2\/00313\/2025"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UID\/00313\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/00313\/2025"]}]},{"name":"IMS through special complementary funds provided by FCT","award":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"]}]},{"name":"iBB by FCT","award":["UID\/04565\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04565\/2025"]}]},{"name":"i4HB by FCT","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marine ecosystems have yielded a remarkable diversity of bioactive metabolites with relevance for antiviral drug discovery. This article reviews recent advances in marine-derived compounds investigated as anti-HIV agents. Metabolites, such as sulfated polysaccharides, lectins, alkaloids, and terpenoids, display inhibitory activity across multiple stages of the HIV life cycle, including viral entry, reverse transcription, integration, and maturation. From sponge-inspired development of AZT to the application of Griffithin in clinical trials for the prophylaxis of the HIV infection, recent discoveries showcase the chemical diversity of marine ecosystems and validate their utility as hit and compound sources in drug discovery. We highlight possible mechanisms of action, as well as translational hurdles from research to clinical trials. Overall, marine biodiversity represents a valuable and underexploited reservoir for the development of novel HIV therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24020070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T14:05:15Z","timestamp":1770645915000},"page":"70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Marine-Derived Defenses Against HIV: Emerging Bioactive Molecules from the Seas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3945-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-5358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Pint\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1697-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina S.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1455-7470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2013Institute for Health and Bio-Economy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NP00089B","article-title":"Marine natural products","volume":"38","author":"Carroll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s43141-021-00290-4","article-title":"Promising bioactive compounds from the marine environment and their potential effects on various diseases","volume":"20","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2016.067","article-title":"Marine Sponges as a Drug Treasure","volume":"24","author":"Anjum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomol. 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