{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:04:55Z","timestamp":1761599095662,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]],"date-time":"2010-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1287100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurotoxicity induced in fish by domoic acid (DA) was assessed with respect to occurrence of neurotoxic signs, lethality, and histopathology by light microscopy. Sparus aurata were exposed to a single dose of DA by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0, 0.45, 0.9, and 9.0 mg DA kg\u22121 bw. Mortality (66.67 \u00b1 16.67%) was only observed in dose of 9.0 mg kg\u22121 bw. Signs of neurological toxicity were detected for the doses of 0.9 and 9.0 mg DA kg\u22121 bw. Furthermore, the mean concentrations (\u00b1SD) of DA detected by HPLC-UV in extracts of brain after exposure to 9.0 mg DA kg\u22121 bw were 0.61 \u00b1 0.01, 0.96 \u00b1 0.00, and 0.36 \u00b1 0.01 mg DA kg\u22121 tissue at 1, 2, and 4 hours. The lack of major permanent brain damage in S. aurata, and reversibility of neurotoxic signs, suggest that lower susceptibility to DA or neuronal recovery occurs in affected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md8102721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]],"date-time":"2010-10-15T10:51:19Z","timestamp":1287139879000},"page":"2721-2732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Toxic Effects of Domoic Acid in the Seabream Sparus aurata"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 177-289, 4150-123 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Lobo-da-Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 177-289, 4150-123 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 177-289, 4150-123 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Socorro","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, As Lagoas Marcosende C.P. 36210, Spain"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 177-289, 4150-123 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 177-289, 4150-123 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, As Lagoas Marcosende C.P. 36210, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gago-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, As Lagoas Marcosende C.P. 36210, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3585-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 177-289, 4150-123 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.6.578b","article-title":"Constituents of Chondria armata","volume":"6","author":"Takemoto","year":"1958","journal-title":"Chem. 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