{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:57:52Z","timestamp":1775869072216,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]],"date-time":"2011-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The extraction, fractionation and HIV-1 inhibition potential of polysaccharides extracted from three species of marine sponges, Erylus discophorus, Cliona celata and Stelletta sp., collected in the Northeastern Atlantic, is presented in this work. The anti-HIV activity of 23 polysaccharide pellets and three crude extracts was tested. Crude extracts prepared from Erylus discophorus specimens were all highly active against HIV-1 (90 to 95% inhibition). Cliona celata pellets showed low polysaccharide content (bellow 38.5%) and almost no anti-HIV activity (&lt;10% inhibition). Stelletta sp. pellets, although quite rich in polysaccharide (up to 97.3%), showed only modest bioactivity (&lt;36% HIV-1 inhibition). Erylus discophorus pellets were among the richest in terms of polysaccharide content (up to 98%) and the most active against HIV-1 (up to 95% inhibition). Chromatographic fractionation of the polysaccharide pellet obtained from a specimen of Erylus discophorus (B161) yielded only modestly active fractions. However, we could infer that the active molecule is most probably a high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide (&gt;2000 kDa), whose mechanism is possibly preventing viral attachment and entry (fusion inhibitor).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md9010139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]],"date-time":"2011-01-24T09:21:39Z","timestamp":1295860899000},"page":"139-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Sulfated Polysaccharides in Marine Sponges: Extraction Methods and Anti-HIV Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ana I. S.","family":"Esteves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Biomedical Sciences Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Madalena","family":"Humanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Building C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Goncalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Retrovirus and Associated Infections, Centre of Molecular Pathogenesis, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooper, JNA, and van Soest, RWM (2002). 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