{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T13:00:39Z","timestamp":1765976439135,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000785","name":"Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Erasmus Mundus Doctorate in Membrane Engineering \u2013 EUDIME (FPA N\u00b0 2011- 0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Erasmus Mundus Doctorate in Membrane Engineering \u2013 EUDIME (FPA N\u00b0 2011- 0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry - LAQV which is financed by national funds from FCT\/MCTES (UID\/QUI\/50006\/2019)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry - LAQV which is financed by national funds from FCT\/MCTES (UID\/QUI\/50006\/2019)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we report the impact of the magnetic field on protein permeability through magnetic-responsive, block copolymer, nanocomposite membranes with hydrophilic and hydrophobic characters. The hydrophilic nanocomposite membranes were composed of spherical polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized through polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) with iron oxide NPs coated with quaternized poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. The hydrophobic nanocomposite membranes were prepared via nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) containing poly (methacrylic acid) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPNPs). The permeation experiments were carried out using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model solute, in the absence of the magnetic field and under permanent and cyclic magnetic field conditions OFF\/ON (strategy 1) and ON\/OFF (strategy 2). It was observed that the magnetic field led to a lower reduction in the permeate fluxes of magnetic-responsive membranes during BSA permeation, regardless of the magnetic field strategy used, than that obtained in the absence of the magnetic field. Nevertheless, a comparative analysis of the effect caused by the two cyclic magnetic field strategies showed that strategy 2 allowed for a lower reduction of the original permeate fluxes during BSA permeation and higher protein sieving coefficients. Overall, these novel magneto-responsive block copolymer nanocomposite membranes proved to be competent in mitigating biofouling phenomena in bioseparation processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes11020105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T13:01:12Z","timestamp":1612270872000},"page":"105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Block Copolymer-Based Magnetic Mixed Matrix Membranes\u2014Effect of Magnetic Field on Protein Permeation and Membrane Fouling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6857-6514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lakshmeesha","family":"Upadhyaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1544-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Semsarilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Europ\u00e9en des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, 34070 Montpellier, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9522-3781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Quemener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Europ\u00e9en des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, 34070 Montpellier, France"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microscop\u00edas Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Arag\u00f3n (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Arago\u0144 (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-3436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Coelhoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Campus de Caparica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Suzana P.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o G.","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Campus de Caparica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4758-9380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reyes","family":"Mallada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Arago\u0144 (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carla A. M.","family":"Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Campus de Caparica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2007.03.018","article-title":"Protein (BSA) fouling of reverse osmosis membranes: Implications for wastewater reclamation","volume":"296","author":"Ang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-7388(03)00143-1","article-title":"Fouling with protein mixtures in microfiltration: BSA\u2013lysozyme and BSA\u2013pepsin","volume":"222","author":"Palacio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Membr. 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