{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T22:45:05Z","timestamp":1775601905408,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wastewater from the oil industry can be considered a dangerous contaminant for the environment and needs to be treated before disposal or re-use. Currently, membrane separation is one of the most used technologies for the treatment of produced water. Therefore, the present work aims to study the process of separating oily water in a module equipped with a ceramic membrane, based on the Eulerian\u2013Eulerian approach and the Shear-Stress Transport (SST k-\u03c9) turbulence model, using the Ansys Fluent\u00ae 15.0. The hydrodynamic behavior of the water\/oil mixture in the filtration module was evaluated under different conditions of the mass flow rate of the fluid mixture and oil concentration at the entrance, the diameter of the oil particles, and membrane permeability and porosity. It was found that an increase in the feed mass flow rate from 0.5 to 1.5 kg\/s significantly influenced transmembrane pressure, that varied from 33.00 to 221.32 kPa. Besides, it was observed that the particle diameter and porosity of the membranes did not influence the performance of the filtration module; it was also verified that increasing the permeability of the membranes, from 3 \u00d7 10\u221215 to 3 \u00d7 10\u221213 m2, caused transmembrane pressure reduction of 22.77%. The greater the average oil concentration at the permeate (from 0.021 to 0.037 kg\/m3) and concentrate (from 1.00 to 1.154 kg\/m3) outlets, the higher the average flow rate of oil at the permeate outlets. These results showed that the filter separator has good potential for water\/oil separation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes11020121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T23:38:44Z","timestamp":1613173124000},"page":"121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Hydrodynamic and Performance Evaluation of a Porous Ceramic Membrane Module Used on the Water\u2013Oil Separation Process: An Investigation by CFD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Guilherme L.","family":"Oliveira Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Piau\u00ed, Floriano 64808-475, Brazil"}]},{"given":"N\u00edvea G. N.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical School of Floriano, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Floriano 64808-605, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1026-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M. P. Q.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LFC, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lucas P. C.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7849-2792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hort\u00eancia L. F.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Paloma L. de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4387-4600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo S.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Severino R.","family":"Farias Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio G. B.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.05.044","article-title":"Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment","volume":"170","author":"Pendashteh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/ijlct\/cts049","article-title":"Produced water treatment technologies","volume":"9","author":"Igunnu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. 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