{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:22:38Z","timestamp":1760232158184,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTM-BIO\/6178\/2014","UID\/CTM\/04540\/2019","UIDB\/04540\/2020","PD\/BD\/142858\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-BIO\/6178\/2014","UID\/CTM\/04540\/2019","UIDB\/04540\/2020","PD\/BD\/142858\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the water order and dynamics in hydrated films of flat asymmetric cellulose acetate (CA)\/silica, CA\/SiO2, and hybrid membranes, covering a wide range of nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) permeation properties, were characterised by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR) relaxation. The range of NF\/UF characteristics was attained by subjecting three CA\/SiO2 membranes, prepared from casting solutions with different acetone\/formamide ratios to drying post-treatments of solvent exchange and conditioning with surfactant mixtures. Post-treated and pristine CA\/SiO2 membranes were characterised in terms of hydraulic permeability, selective permeation properties and molecular weight cut-off. These results were correlated with the DNMR relaxation findings. It was found that the post-treatment by solvent exchange caused membrane shrinkage that led to very different permeation characteristics and a significant enhancement of the DNMR relaxation observables. In contrast, conditioning with surfactant solutions exhibited a weaker effect over those properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained for the membranes post-treated with solvent exchange to confirm their asymmetric nature. This work provides an essential indication that DNMR relaxometry is a reliable tool to characterise the asymmetric porous structures of the NF\/UF CA\/SiO2 hybrid membranes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12060559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T23:43:03Z","timestamp":1653867783000},"page":"559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tailoring the Selective Permeation Properties of Asymmetric Cellulose Acetate\/Silica Hybrid Membranes and Characterisation of Water Dynamics in Hydrated Membranes by Deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3164-8614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel P.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering (DEQ), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-9683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Beira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physics (DF), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel D.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MicroLab, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6450-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro J.","family":"Sebasti\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physics (DF), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9254-1864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o L.","family":"Figueirinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physics (DF), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5339-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Norberta","family":"de Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering (DEQ), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1021\/ba-1963-0038.ch009","article-title":"Sea Water Demineralization by Means of an Osmotic Membrane","volume":"38","author":"Loeb","year":"1963","journal-title":"Adv. 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