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A surface modification with poly (acrylic) acid resulted in an improved monovalent perm-selectivity (decreased sulfate membrane transport rate). Moreover, we evaluated the (bio)fouling potential of the membrane using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS), and Aeromonas\u00a0hydrophila as model organic foulants and a biofoulant, respectively. A detailed characterization of the AEMs (water contact angle, ion exchange capacity (IEC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra) was carried out, verifying that the presence of such foulants reduces IEC and the maximum current obtained by CV. However, only SDS and SDBS affected the contact angle values. Cleaning of the biofouled membranes using a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution allows for (partially) recovering their initial properties. Furthermore, this work includes a fouling characterization using real surface and sea water matrixes, confirming the presence of several types of fouling microorganisms in natural streams. A lower adhesion of microorganisms (measured in terms of total bacteria counts) was observed for the modified membranes compared to the unmodified ones. Finally, we propose a cleaning strategy to mitigate biofouling in AEMs that could be easily applied in RED systems for an enhanced long-term process performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12070697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T22:48:00Z","timestamp":1657493280000},"page":"697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Study on Biofouling and Cleaning of Anion Exchange Membranes for Reverse Electrodialysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Tiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Beatriz","family":"Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"IBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3818-535X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7411-4479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Huertas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"IBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3240-5400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Merino-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00edas Qu\u00edmica y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s\/n, 39005 Santander, Spain"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Jorge","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Goul\u00e3o","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9446-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlozar","family":"Velizarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gielen, D., Gorini, R., Wagner, N., Leme, R., Gutierrez, L., Prakash, G., Asmelash, E., Janeiro, L., Gallina, G., and Vale, G. 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