{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T06:12:11Z","timestamp":1762063931379,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/146967\/2019","SFRH\/BD\/139389\/2018","PTDC\/EQU-EQU\/30763\/2017-Lisboa-01-0145-FEDER-030763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/146967\/2019","SFRH\/BD\/139389\/2018","PTDC\/EQU-EQU\/30763\/2017-Lisboa-01-0145-FEDER-030763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Membrane-based gas separation is a promising unit operation in a low-carbon economy due to its simplicity, ease of operation, reduced energy consumption and portability. A methodology is proposed to immobilise enzymes in stable water-in-oil (W\/O) emulsions produced by direct membrane emulsification systems and thereafter impregnated them in the pores of a membrane producing emulsion-based supported liquid membranes. The selected case-study was for biogas (CO2 and CH4) purification. Upon initial CO2 sorption studies, corn oil was chosen as a low-cost and non-toxic bulk phase (oil phase). The emulsions were prepared with Nadir\u00ae UP150 P flat-sheet polymeric membranes. The optimised emulsions consisted of 2% Tween 80 (w\/w) in corn oil as the continuous phase and 0.5 g.L\u22121 carbonic anhydrase enzyme with 5% PEG 300 (w\/w) in aqueous solution as the dispersed phase. These emulsions were impregnated onto a porous hydrophobic PVDF membrane to prepare a supported liquid membrane for gas separation. Lastly, gas permeability studies indicated that the permeability of CO2 increased by ~15% and that of CH4 decreased by ~60% when compared to the membrane without carbonic anhydrase. Thus, a proof-of-concept for enhancement of CO2 capture using emulsion-based supported liquid membrane was established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12080797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T23:28:41Z","timestamp":1660865321000},"page":"797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Design of Enzyme Loaded W\/O Emulsions by Direct Membrane Emulsification for CO2 Capture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Suchintan","family":"Mondal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bhavna","family":"Alke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1355-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Machado","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Research and Development Center, PETROBRAS, Av. Hor\u00e1cio Macedo, 950. Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro 21941-915, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Ortiz-Albo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Usman Taqui","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o G.","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7784-0265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Brazinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104756","article-title":"CO2 towards fuels: A review of catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons","volume":"9","author":"Garba","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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