{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:37:51Z","timestamp":1760150271384,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FEDER funds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTMBIO\/3640\/2014","ERA-MIN 2 REVIVING ERA-MIN-2019_67","UIDB\/00102\/2020","UIDP\/00102\/2020","UIDB\/00285\/2020","UIDB\/04564\/2020","821096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTMBIO\/3640\/2014","ERA-MIN 2 REVIVING ERA-MIN-2019_67","UIDB\/00102\/2020","UIDP\/00102\/2020","UIDB\/00285\/2020","UIDB\/04564\/2020","821096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020","award":["PTDC\/CTMBIO\/3640\/2014","ERA-MIN 2 REVIVING ERA-MIN-2019_67","UIDB\/00102\/2020","UIDP\/00102\/2020","UIDB\/00285\/2020","UIDB\/04564\/2020","821096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTMBIO\/3640\/2014","ERA-MIN 2 REVIVING ERA-MIN-2019_67","UIDB\/00102\/2020","UIDP\/00102\/2020","UIDB\/00285\/2020","UIDB\/04564\/2020","821096"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wound infection is a common complication of chronic wounds. It can impair healing, which may not occur without external help. Antimicrobial dressings (AMDs) are a type of external help to infected chronic wounds. In this study, highly porous membranes made of only chitosan and containing the antiseptic polyhexanide (poly(hexamethylene biguanide); PHMB) were prepared by cryogelation, aiming to be used in AMDs. These membranes exhibited a water swelling capacity of 748%, a water drop penetration time of 11 s in a dry membrane and a water vapor transmission rate of 34,400 g H2O\/m2\/24 h when in contact with water. The best drug loading method involved simultaneous loading by soaking in a PHMB solution and sterilization by autoclaving, resulting in sterilized, drug-loaded membranes. When these membranes and a commercial PHMB-releasing AMD were assayed under the same conditions, albeit far from the in vivo conditions, their drug release kinetics were comparable, releasing PHMB for ca. 6 and 4 h, respectively. These membranes exhibited high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are bacterial species commonly found in infected wounds and blood clotting activity. The obtained results suggest that these membranes may have potential for use in the development of AMDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes13110877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T03:42:40Z","timestamp":1699501360000},"page":"877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sterilized Polyhexanide-Releasing Chitosan Membranes with Potential for Use in Antimicrobial Wound Dressings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00eds M.","family":"Vaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1939-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula V.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1372-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Jorge","family":"Guiomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690040093015","article-title":"Definitions and guidelines for assessment of wounds and evaluation of healing","volume":"130","author":"Lazarus","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00067.2017","article-title":"Wound healing: A cellular perspective","volume":"99","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. 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