{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T07:18:15Z","timestamp":1770275895264,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The application of metals in biological systems has been a rapidly growing branch of science. Vanadium has been investigated and reported as an anticancer agent. Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, the incidence of which has been increasing annually worldwide. It is of paramount importance to identify novel pharmacological agents for melanoma treatment. Herein, a systematic review of publications including \u201cMelanoma and Vanadium\u201d was performed. Nine vanadium articles in several melanoma cells lines such as human A375, human CN-mel and murine B16F10, as well as in vivo studies, are described. Vanadium-based compounds with anticancer activity against melanoma include: (1) oxidovanadium(IV); (2) XMenes; (3) vanadium pentoxide, (4) oxidovanadium(IV) pyridinonate compounds; (5) vanadate; (6) polysaccharides vanadium(IV\/V) complexes; (7) mixed-metal binuclear ruthenium(II)\u2013vanadium(IV) complexes; (8) pyridoxal-based oxidovanadium(IV) complexes and (9) functionalized nanoparticles of yttrium vanadate doped with europium. Vanadium compounds and\/or vanadium materials show potential anticancer activities that may be used as a useful approach to treat melanoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/met11050828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T12:17:16Z","timestamp":1621340236000},"page":"828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Vanadium and Melanoma: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Amante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina e Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8451-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"De Sousa-Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Campus of Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade (ESS), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4858-3201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Aureliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia (FCT), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"CCMAR, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.13077","article-title":"Nano zinc vis-\u00e0-vis inorganic Zinc as feed additives: Effects on growth, activity of hepatic enzymes and non-specific immunity in rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings","volume":"26","author":"Mondal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, S., Wu, F., Zhou, S., Yang, J., Tang, X., and Ye, W. (2021). Zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviate the arsenic toxicity and decrease the accumulation of arsenic in rice (Oryza Sativa L.). BMC Plant Biol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-021-02929-3"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carofiglio, M., Barui, S., Cauda, V., and Laurenti, M. (2020). Doped zinc oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and potential use in nanomedicine. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10155194"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aimed.2020.07.009","article-title":"Zinc for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other acute viral respiratory infections: A rapid review","volume":"7","author":"Arentz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2020.112890","article-title":"Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of decatungstate, W10O324\u2212, for the oxidation of sulfasalazine\/sulfapyridine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide","volume":"404","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pimp\u00e3o, C., da Silva, I.V., M\u00f3sca, A.F., Pinho, J.O., Gaspar, M.M., Gumerova, N.I., Rompel, A., Aureliano, M., and Soveral, G. (2020). The aquaporin-3-inhibiting potential of polyoxotungstates. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072467"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MT00279C","article-title":"The P-type ATPase inhibiting potential of polyoxotungstates","volume":"10","author":"Gumerova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fonseca, C., Fraqueza, G., Carabineiro, S.A.C., and Aureliano, M. (2020). The Ca2+-ATPase inhibition potential of gold (I,III) compounds. Inorganics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/inorganics8090049"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.124819","article-title":"Uranium elimination and recovery from wastewater with ligand chelation-enhanced electrocoagulation","volume":"393","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s41936-020-00160-4","article-title":"Protective and therapeutic effects of garlic and tomato on cadmium-induced neuropathology in mice","volume":"81","author":"Vijaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Basic Appl. Zool."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2020.1737459","article-title":"Chronic cadmium exposure and cardiovascular disease in adults","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.109953","article-title":"Na+\/K+-ATPase and lipid peroxidation in forebrain cortex and hippocampus of sleep-deprived rats treated with therapeutic lithium concentration for different periods of time","volume":"102","author":"Vosahlikova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64845-0","article-title":"Decreased Na+\/K+ ATPase expression and depolarized cell membrane in neurons differentiated from chorea-acanthocytosis patients","volume":"10","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104958","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of cobalt chloride in brain cell lines\u2014A comparison between astrocytoma and neuroblastoma cells","volume":"68","author":"Tate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02049-3","article-title":"Synthesis of cobalt hydroxide nano-flakes functionalized with glutamic acid and conjugated with thiosemicarbazide for anticancer activities against human breast cancer cells","volume":"198","author":"Bejarbaneh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1540-6","article-title":"Vanadium in biological action: Chemical, pharmacological aspects, and metabolic implications in diabetes mellitus","volume":"188","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00402","article-title":"Decavanadate salts of cytosine and metformin: A combined experimental-theoretical study of potential metallodrugs against diabetes and cancer","volume":"6","author":"Castro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2017.12.036","article-title":"Six metal-organic frameworks assembled from asymmetric triazole carboxylate ligands: Synthesis, crystal structures, photoluminescence properties and antibacterial activities","volume":"473","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2019.02.072","article-title":"Syntheses, crystal structures, antibacterial activities of Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes based on terpyridine polycarboxylic acid ligand","volume":"1184","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma: From pathogenesis to therapy","volume":"52","author":"Leonardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Melanoma: Epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and classification","volume":"28","author":"Rastrelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.43","article-title":"Targeted agents and immunotherapies: Optimizing outcomes in melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Luke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2016.01.025","article-title":"Roads to melanoma: Key pathways and emerging players in melanoma progression and oncogenic signaling","volume":"1863","author":"Paluncic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05661","article-title":"Melanoma biology and new targeted therapy","volume":"445","author":"Grayschopfer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcsup.2013.07.012","article-title":"Melanoma epidemiology, biology and prognosis","volume":"11","author":"Ali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Suppl."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00039","article-title":"Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest cells for tissue regeneration and disease modeling","volume":"12","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2021.01.009","article-title":"Combining vanadyl sulfate with Newcastle disease virus potentiates rapid innate immune-mediated regression with curative potential in murine cancer models","volume":"20","author":"Mcausland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111431","article-title":"On the rapid in situ oxidation of two-dimensional V 2 CT z MXene in culture cell media and their cytotoxicity","volume":"119","author":"Scheibe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7604","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR00631A","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles for the treatment of melanoma and their in vivo toxicity study","volume":"12","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1039\/c9mt00174c","article-title":"Antiproliferative activity of vanadium compounds: Effects on the major malignant melanoma molecular pathways","volume":"11","author":"Pisano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2017.05.010","article-title":"Antitumoral effect of vanadium compounds in malignant melanoma cell lines","volume":"174","author":"Rozzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.131","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of xyloglucan from Copaifera langsdorffii and its complex with oxovanadium (IV\/V) on B16F10 cells","volume":"121","author":"Farias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2018.01.014","article-title":"Europium (III)\u2014Doped yttrium vanadate nanoparticles reduce the toxicity of cisplatin","volume":"182","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11881","DOI":"10.1039\/c3dt50547b","article-title":"Preliminary anti-cancer photodynamic therapeutic in vitro studies with mixed-metal binuclear ruthenium (II)\u2013vanadium (IV) complexes","volume":"42","author":"Holder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24385","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of a pyridoxal-based vanadium (IV) complex showing selective cytotoxicity for cancer vs. healthy cells","volume":"228","author":"Strianese","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burman, B., Pesci, G., and Zamarin, D. (2020). Newcastle disease virus at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123552"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00199.x","article-title":"Human melanoma cells secrete and respond to placenta growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"115","author":"Lacal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24071","article-title":"Determinants for in vivo antitumor effect of angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416 formulated in PEGylated emulsion","volume":"103","author":"Ogawara","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2018.1468564","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine as an antioxidant and disulphide breaking agent: The reasons why","volume":"52","author":"Aldini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scibior, A., Pietrzyk, L., Plewa, Z., and Skiba, A. (2020). Vanadium: Risks and possible benefits in the light of a comprehensive overview of its pharmacotoxicological mechanisms and multi-applications with a summary of further research trends. J. Trace. Elem. Med. Biol., 61.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2020.126508"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(01)00221-9","article-title":"Vanadium in cancer treatment","volume":"42","author":"Evangelou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.12.002","article-title":"Vanadium compounds in medicine","volume":"301","author":"Pessoa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3632","DOI":"10.2174\/092986710793213805","article-title":"Potential use of vanadium compounds in therapeutics","volume":"17","author":"Barrio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201803868","article-title":"Polyoxometalates as potential next-generation metallodrugs in the combat against cancer","volume":"58","author":"Bijelic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CC07549A","article-title":"The antibacterial activity of polyoxometalates: Structures, antibiotic effects and future perspectives","volume":"54","author":"Bijelic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80153-1","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha activates NF-kappa B without proteolytic degradation of I kappa B-alpha","volume":"86","author":"Imbert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1984.tb02948.x","article-title":"Enhancement of Newcastle disease virus-induced fusion of mouse L Cells by sodium vanadate","volume":"28","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1984","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immun."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2012_2138","article-title":"Biochemical and medical importance of vanadium compounds","volume":"59","author":"Korbecki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1161(96)90254-X","article-title":"Genotoxicity of vanadium pentoxide evaluate by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay in human lymphocytes","volume":"359","author":"Rojas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5501","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S141032","article-title":"Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide induced neural pheochromocytoma-derived PC12 cell lines apoptosis and cell cycle alterations via the ERK signaling pathways","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4191","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB00336C","article-title":"Graphene oxide nanocells for impairing topoisomerase and DNA in cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Nandi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Torres, I., Guarner-Lans, V., and Rubio-Ruiz, M.E. (2017). Reductive stress in inflammation-associated diseases and the pro-oxidant effect of antioxidant agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102098"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583500005795","article-title":"Role of uncoupled and non-coupled oxidations in maintenance of safely low levels of oxygen and its one-electron reductants","volume":"29","author":"Skulachev","year":"1996","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01908.x","article-title":"Regulation of brain mitochondrial H2O2 production by membrane potential and NAD (P) H redox state","volume":"86","author":"Starkov","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Suma, P.R.P., Padmanabhan, R.A., Telukutla, S.R., Ravindran, R., Velikkakath, A.K.G., Dekiwadia, C.D., Paul, W., Shenoy, S.J., Laloraya, M., and Srinivasula, S.M. (2019). Paradigm of Vanadium pentoxide nanoparticle-induced autophagy and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. bioRxiv."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2005.08.011","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of nanosize V2O5 particles to selected fibroblast and tumor cells","volume":"20","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2004.05.005","article-title":"The multi-targeted kinase inhibitor SU5416 inhibits small cell lung cancer growth and angiogenesis, in part by blocking Kit-mediated VEGF expression","volume":"46","author":"Litz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanapathipillai, M. (2018). Treating p53 Mutant Aggregation-Associated Cancer. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10060154"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-0627-5","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic proteins in the autophagic world: An update on functions of XIAP, Survivin, and BRUCE","volume":"27","author":"Cheung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2014.960106","article-title":"A comparative study of the toxicological aspects of vanadium pentoxide and vanadium oxide nanoparticles","volume":"26","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3109\/08958370903161232","article-title":"Effects of metal compounds with distinct physicochemical properties on iron homeostasis and antibacterial activity in the lungs: Chromium and vanadium","volume":"22","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11912","DOI":"10.1039\/c3dt50398d","article-title":"Raft localization of Type I Fc\u03b5 receptor and degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells exposed to decavanadate, a structural model for V2O5","volume":"42","author":"Fontes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2014.05.002","article-title":"Decavanadate in vitro and in vivo effects: Facts and opinions","volume":"137","author":"Aureliano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-016-1389-0","article-title":"Bis (acetylacetonato)-oxidovanadium (IV) and sodium metavanadate inhibit cell proliferation via ROS-induced sustained MAPK\/ERK activation but with elevated AKT activity in human pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-008-0387-2","article-title":"Vanadyl bisacetylacetonate induced G1\/S cell cycle arrest via high-intensity ERK phosphorylation in HepG2 cells","volume":"13","author":"Fu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2174\/157340610791208754","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of a vanadyl (IV) complex with a multidentate oxygen donor in osteoblast cell lines in culture","volume":"6","author":"Rivadeneira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0171-x","article-title":"Classifying BRAF alterations in cancer: New rational therapeutic strategies for actionable mutations","volume":"37","author":"Dankner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6954","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210516","article-title":"p21(Waf1\/Cip1\/Sdi1) mediates retinoblastoma protein degradation","volume":"26","author":"Broude","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.08.028","article-title":"Putting p53 in context","volume":"170","author":"Kastenhuber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.06.027","article-title":"Toxicity of native and oxovanadium (IV\/V) galactomannan complexes on HepG2 cells is related to impairment of mitochondrial functions","volume":"173","author":"Padua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2009.05.007","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and antitumor activity (in vitro) of xyloglucan selenious ester and surfated xyloglucan","volume":"45","author":"Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.088","article-title":"Xyloglucan: A functional biomacromolecule for drug delivery applications","volume":"104","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.11.093","article-title":"Polyphenols, antioxidants, and antimutagenic effects of copaifera langsdorffii fruit","volume":"197","author":"Batista","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2007.01.012","article-title":"Decavanadate induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and inhibits oxygen consumption","volume":"101","author":"Soares","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7702","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc33576j","article-title":"Remarkable photocytotoxicity of curcumin in HeLa cells in visible light and arresting its degradation on oxovanadium (IV) complex formation","volume":"48","author":"Banerjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3899","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201200344","article-title":"Photocytotoxic oxidovanadium (IV) complexes of polypyridyl ligands showing DNA-cleavage activity in near-IR light","volume":"2012","author":"Banerjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11112","DOI":"10.1021\/ic7011793","article-title":"DNA cleavage by new oxovanadium (IV) complexes of N-salicylidene alpha-amino acids and phenanthroline bases in the photodynamic therapy window","volume":"46","author":"Sasmal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1039\/b924560j","article-title":"Photoinduced DNA cleavage by formation of ROS from oxygen with a neurotransmitter and aromatic amino acids","volume":"8","author":"Kawashima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735412443853","article-title":"Inhibition of B16F-10 Melanoma\u2014induced lung metastasis in C57BL\/6 Mice by aerva lanata via induction of apoptosis","volume":"12","author":"Siveen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6220","DOI":"10.1039\/b903352a","article-title":"Synthesis, structure and reactivity of azosalophen complexes of vanadium (IV): Studies on cytotoxic properties","volume":"31","author":"Pattanayak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00338","article-title":"Mechanisms of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and otoprotection","volume":"11","author":"Sheth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5727","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3706-6","article-title":"Folate-conjugated nanoparticles as a potent therapeutic approach in targeted cancer therapy","volume":"36","author":"Bahrami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.09.034","article-title":"Research progress in modern structure of platinum complexes","volume":"140","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2017.09.009","article-title":"Comparable effectiveness and immunomodulatory actions of oxaliplatin and cisplatin in electrochemotherapy of murine melanoma","volume":"119","author":"Ursic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-421-6_7","article-title":"The in vitro micronucleus assay","volume":"817","author":"Doherty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6109","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.1c00125","article-title":"Interweaving disciplines to advance chemistry: Applying polyoxometalates in biology","volume":"60","author":"Gumerova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."}],"container-title":["Metals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4701\/11\/5\/828\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:03:39Z","timestamp":1760162619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4701\/11\/5\/828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["met11050828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/met11050828","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4701","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]}}}