{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T07:33:51Z","timestamp":1768462431464,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/143030\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/143030\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/EMS\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/EMS\/00285\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"P2020|Norte2020","award":["NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present work aims to investigate the strengthening mechanisms in aluminum matrix nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A classical powder metallurgy route produced Al-CNT nanocomposites using ultrasonication and ball milling as dispersion\/mixture techniques. The microstructural characterization is crucial for this study to reach the objective, being performed mainly by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). Uniform dispersion without damaging the CNTs structure is the key for the nanocomposite by powder metallurgy production process. The reinforcement effect occurs due to several strengthening mechanisms that act simultaneously. For the Al-CNT nanocomposites produced by ultrasonication as a dispersion\/mixture technique, the observed improvement in the mechanical properties of nanocomposites can be attributed to the load transfer from the matrix to the CNTs. The strain hardening and the second-phase hardening can also have a small contribution to the strengthening of the nanocomposites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/met11111711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T23:24:42Z","timestamp":1635377082000},"page":"1711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Strengthening Mechanisms of Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposites Reinforced with CNTs Produced by Powder Metallurgy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4798-556X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00cdris","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DEMM, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA\/INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Doutor Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3692-585X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Valdemar","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4670-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEMM, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA\/INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Doutor Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aliofkhazraei, M. 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