{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:26:06Z","timestamp":1764998766673,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["407050\/2023-0","306559\/2024-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407050\/2023-0","306559\/2024-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CNPq under the MAI\/DAI 2020 program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007160","name":"MackPesquisa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["251031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UID\/50022\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50022\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, iron aluminide coatings (FeAl and Fe3Al) were developed on carbon steel substrates using the laser cladding process with mixtures of elemental iron and aluminum powders, aiming at protecting anodic pins in Soderberg electrolytic cells against oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures. These components operate under atmospheres rich in CO2, alumina dust, and intense thermal cycles. The influence of processing parameters on the microstructure, phase formation, and mechanical properties of the coatings was investigated. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the FeAl phase with a B2 ordered structure, while the expected D03 ordering in Fe3Al was not detected, likely due to crystallographic texture effects. Microstructural analysis, optical and scanning electron microscopy, revealed dense coatings with good metallurgical bonding to the substrate and low porosity, being the conditions of 3.5 kW with 3 mm\/s resulted in the best quality coatings. The FeAl coatings exhibited microhardness values of approximately 400 HV, whereas the Fe3Al coatings showed values around 350 HV, indicating a significant improvement compared to the carbon steel substrate. These results demonstrate that laser cladding is an effective technique for producing iron aluminide coatings with potential application for corrosion and wear protection of anodic pins in Soderberg electrolytic cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/met15121337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T13:53:30Z","timestamp":1764856410000},"page":"1337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Laser Cladding of Iron Aluminide Coatings for Surface Protection in Soderberg Electrolytic Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alex Fukunaga","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, S\u00e3o Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Henrique Correa dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companhia Brasileira de Alum\u00ednio, Alum\u00ednio 18125-000, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Seno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companhia Brasileira de Alum\u00ednio, Alum\u00ednio 18125-000, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4124-7125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HRC Laser Cladding, Piracicaba 13413-013, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6444-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson Batista de","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisas Energ\u00e9ticas e Nucleares, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4158-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gisele Fabiane Costa","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, S\u00e3o Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9848-9569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC\u2014Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7117-8039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Massi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, S\u00e3o Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1503-1582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Augusto","family":"Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, S\u00e3o Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"American Society for Metals (2001). 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