{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:20:24Z","timestamp":1760242824918,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]],"date-time":"2016-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conventional manufacturing processes cause plastic deformation that leads to magnetic anisotropy in processed materials. A deeper understanding of materials characterization under rotational magnetization enables engineers to optimize the overall volume, mass, and performance of devices such as electrical machines in industry. Therefore, it is important to find the magnetic easy direction of the magnetic domains in a simple and straightforward manner. The Magnetic easy direction can be obtained through destructive tests such as the Epstein frame method and the Single Sheet Tester by taking measurements in regions of irreversible magnetization usually called domains. In the present work, samples of rolled SAE 1045 steel (formed by perlite and ferrite microstructures) were submitted to induced magnetic fields in the reversibility region of magnetic domains to detect the magnetic easy direction. The magnetic fields were applied to circular samples with different thicknesses and angles varying from 0\u00b0 to 360\u00b0 with steps of 45\u00b0. A square sample with a fixed thickness was also tested. The results showed that the proposed non-destructive approach is promising to evaluate the magnetic anisotropy in steels independently of the geometry of the sample. The region studied presented low induction losses and was affected by magnetic anisotropy, which did not occur in other works that only took into account regions of high induction losses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/met6120317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]],"date-time":"2016-12-15T10:53:16Z","timestamp":1481799196000},"page":"317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Detection of the Magnetic Easy Direction in Steels Using Induced Magnetic Fields"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Edgard","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia da Paraiba, Rua Jose Americo de Almeida, 707-Nordeste I, Guarabira, Joao Pessoa-PB 58200-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alysson","family":"Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia da Paraiba, Rua Jose Americo de Almeida, 707-Nordeste I, Guarabira, Joao Pessoa-PB 58200-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Josinaldo","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Jardim Universitario, s\/n-Castelo Branco, Joao Pessoa-PB 58051-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, R. Aprigio Veloso, 882, Campina Grande-PB 58429-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia da Paraiba, Rua Jose Americo de Almeida, 707-Nordeste I, Guarabira, Joao Pessoa-PB 58200-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3886-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"De Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Informatica Aplicada, Universidade de Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321, Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza-CE 60811-905, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7603-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencia e Inovacao em Engenharia Mecanica e Engenharia Industrial, Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2010.03384.x","article-title":"New computational solution to quantify synthetic material porosity from optical microscopic images","volume":"240","author":"Filho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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