{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:16:39Z","timestamp":1760242599480,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Self-healing materials are able to partially or completely reverse the damage inflicted on them. The possibility of self-healing mechanical and chemical failures that occur during service will improve the lifetime and reliability of structural materials. For this purpose, two main steps must be considered: (i) detection, and (ii) repairing (healing) of cracks. The exothermic character of reactive multilayers has potential for self-healing applications, namely in the healing step. In this context, Ni(V)\/Al multilayer thin films were deposited onto tungsten wires by magnetron sputtering from two targets. A detailed microstructural characterization was carried out by scanning and transmission electron microscopy after deposition, as well as after ignition by applying an electrical discharge. The as-deposited films presented an irregular layered structure with local defects not observed for flat substrates, although Ni- and Al-rich nanolayers could be distinguished. The as-reacted films were constituted by Al3Ni2 grains with Al3V phase at the grain boundaries. In order to use reactive multilayers for self-healing purposes, the heat released must be maximised by improving the microstructure of the nanolayered films. Nevertheless, after ignition, the Ni(V)\/Al multilayer films deposited onto W wire underwent a self-sustained reaction, releasing heat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/met7120574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T10:48:40Z","timestamp":1513680520000},"page":"574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Coating of Tungsten Wire with Ni\/Al Multilayers for Self-Healing Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8486-5436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMMPRE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, R. Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Cracow, Poland"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Morgiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Cracow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9981-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMMPRE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, R. Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2014.09.042","article-title":"Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition: A critical review","volume":"576","author":"Adams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1070\/RC2008v077n01ABEH003748","article-title":"Exothermic reaction waves in multilayer nanofilms","volume":"77","author":"Rogachev","year":"2008","journal-title":"Russ. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2008.09.001","article-title":"Metal-based reactive nanomaterials","volume":"35","author":"Dreizin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. 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