{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T02:10:38Z","timestamp":1772503838708,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/AGR-FOR\/4218\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/AGR-FOR\/4218\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/04551\/2013 (GREEN-IT)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04551\/2013 (GREEN-IT)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00239\/2020(CEF)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00239\/2020(CEF)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04035\/2020 (GeoBioTec)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04035\/2020 (GeoBioTec)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00376\/2012\/CP0165\/CT0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00376\/2012\/CP0165\/CT0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/113475\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/113475\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/00035\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/00035\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["SGA-CSA No. 739582 under FPA No. 664620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGA-CSA No. 739582 under FPA No. 664620"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Actinorhizal plants have been regarded as promising species in the current climate change context due to their high tolerance to a multitude of abiotic stresses. While combined salt-heat stress effects have been studied in crop species, their impact on the model actinorhizal plant, Casuarina glauca, has not yet been fully addressed. The effect of single salt (400 mM NaCl) and heat (control at 26\/22 \u00b0C, supra optimal temperatures at 35\/22 \u00b0C and 45\/22 \u00b0C day\/night) conditions on C. glauca branchlets was characterised at the physiological level, and stress-induced metabolite changes were characterised by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. C. glauca could withstand single salt and heat conditions. However, the harshest stress condition (400 mM NaCl, 45 \u00b0C) revealed photosynthetic impairments due to mesophyll and membrane permeability limitations as well as major stress-specific differential responses in C and N metabolism. The increased activity of enzymatic ROS scavengers was, however, revealed to be sufficient to control the plant oxidative status. Although C. glauca could tolerate single salt and heat stresses, their negative interaction enhanced the effects of salt stress. Results demonstrated that C. glauca responses to combined salt-heat stress could be explained as a sum of the responses from each single applied stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11090593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T23:05:12Z","timestamp":1630623912000},"page":"593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Will Casuarina glauca Stress Resilience Be Maintained in the Face of Climate Change?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0345-9530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago F.","family":"Jorge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7639-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa and Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2067-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh","family":"Alseekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany"},{"name":"Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Isabel P.","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biotecnologia e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8182-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio E.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa and Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9704-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana P.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa and Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0650-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Scotti-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biotecnologia e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6071-6460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana I.","family":"Ribeiro-Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa and Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alisdair R.","family":"Fernie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany"},{"name":"Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6747-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Ant\u00f3nio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IPCC Core Writing Team (2014). 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