{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T15:54:10Z","timestamp":1775318050380,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of inflammatory skin diseases continues to increase with a high incidence in children and adults. These diseases are triggered by environmental factors, such as UV radiation, certain chemical compounds, infectious agents, and in some cases, people with a genetic predisposition. The pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, but also of skin cancers, is the result of the activation of inflammation-related metabolic pathways and the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Inflammatory skin diseases are also associated with oxidative stress, overproduction of ROS, and impaired antioxidant defense, which affects the metabolism of immune cells and skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts) in systemic and skin disorders. Lipids from algae have been scarcely applied to modulate skin diseases, but they are well known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. They have shown scavenging activities and can modulate redox homeostasis enzymes. They can also downmodulate key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors such as NF-\u03baB, decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, the exploitation of algae lipids as therapeutical agents for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases is highly attractive, being critically reviewed in the present work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12020096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T22:51:06Z","timestamp":1642719066000},"page":"96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Algal Lipids as Modulators of Skin Disease: A Critical Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1125-3885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Conde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine\u2013iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0072-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3992-1910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"\u0141uczaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7391-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine\u2013iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7275-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Maur\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8060-7675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5397-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Skrzydlewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5357-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benson, H.A.E., and Watkinson, A.C. (2012). Transdermal and Topical Drug Delivery: Principles and Practice, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118140505.ch18"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.064774","article-title":"The Fibroblast-Derived Paracrine Factor Neuregulin-1 Has a Novel Role in Regulating the Constitutive Color and Melanocyte Function in Human Skin","volume":"123","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02222.x","article-title":"Role of Oxidative Stress and the Antioxidant Network in Cutaneous Carcinogenesis","volume":"43","author":"Sander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.2.561","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Skin Diseases: Possible Role of Physical Activity","volume":"15","author":"Kruk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2174\/138920010791196328","article-title":"Pathobiology of Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Interplay Between Keratinocytes and Immune Cells as a Target for Anti-Inflammatory Drugs","volume":"11","author":"Albanesi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.014","article-title":"Vitiligo Pathogenesis and Emerging Treatments","volume":"35","author":"Rashigni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-019-00332-3","article-title":"Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in the Developing Countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2017.1355550","article-title":"Marine Algae as Attractive Source to Skin Care","volume":"51","author":"Berthon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01018","article-title":"Chijabyukpi-Tang Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines via the Nrf2\/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in TNF-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03b3-Stimulated HaCaT Cells and Ameliorates 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1954","article-title":"Survey and Mechanism of Skin Depigmenting and Lightening Agents","volume":"20","author":"Parvez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menaa, F., Wijesinghe, U., Thiripuranathar, G., Althobaiti, N.A., Albalawi, A.E., Khan, B.A., and Menaa, B. (2021). Marine Algae-Derived Bioactive Compounds: A New Wave of Nanodrugs?. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19090484"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leandro, A., Pereira, L., and Gon\u00e7alves, A.M.M. (2020). Diverse Applications of Marine Macroalgae. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18010017"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-020-01957-1","article-title":"Microbiological Quality and Safety of Commercialized Thalassotherapy Products Based on Marine Mud and Algae Extracts in Tunisia","volume":"202","author":"Guesmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-004-1647-x","article-title":"Valuable Products from Biotechnology of Microalgae","volume":"65","author":"Pulz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Luca, M., Pappalardo, I., Limongi, A.R., Viviano, E., Radice, R.P., Todisco, S., Martelli, G., Infantino, V., and Vassallo, A. (2021). Lipids from Microalgae for Cosmetic Applications. Cosmetics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8020052"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01086","article-title":"Microalgae as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Natural Product Against Human Inflammatory Skin Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Choo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Costa, E., Silva, J., Mendon\u00e7a, S.H., Abreu, M.H., and Domingues, M.R. (2016). Lipidomic Approaches towards Deciphering Glycolipids from Microalgae as a Reservoir of Bioactive Lipids. Mar. Drugs, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/md14050101"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, D., Rey, F., Leal, M.C., Lilleb\u00f8, A.I., Calado, R., and Domingues, M.R. (2021). Bioactivities of Lipid Extracts and Complex Lipids from Seaweeds: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19120686"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144905","article-title":"Algae as an Attractive Source for Cosmetics to Counter Environmental Stress","volume":"772","author":"Aslam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"European Commission (2020). The EU Blue Economy Report 2020, European Commission."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly (2015). Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, United Nations General Assembly. 215AD."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, A.V., and Soulika, A.M. (2019). The Dynamics of the Skin\u2019s Immune System. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081811"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01755-y","article-title":"Proinflammatory Cytokines Regulate Epidermal Stem Cells in Wound Epithelialization","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13190","article-title":"The Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne Understanding Innate Immunity and Inflammation in Acne: Implications for Management","volume":"29","author":"Dreno","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chovatiya, R., and Silverberg, J.I. (2019). Pathophysiology of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: Implications for Management in Children. Children, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/children6100108"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, K.A., Balogh, E.A., Kaplan, S.G., and Feldman, S.R. (2021). Skin Disease in Children: Effects on Quality of Life, Stigmatization, Bullying, and Suicide Risk in Pediatric Acne, Atopic Dermatitis, and Psoriasis Patients. Children, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/children8111057"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-016-0167-9","article-title":"Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"7","author":"Griffiths","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2016.1212660","article-title":"Environmental Risk Factors and Their Role in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"13","author":"Kantor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendon, A., and Sch\u00e4kel, K. (2019). Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061475"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01059","article-title":"Mechanisms of Inflammation in Neutrophil-Mediated Skin Diseases","volume":"10","author":"Marzano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.5149","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species in Inflammation and Tissue Injury","volume":"20","author":"Mittal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4123","article-title":"Redox Regulation of Mitochondrial Function","volume":"16","author":"Handy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809696","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/809696","article-title":"Hydroxyl Radical and Its Scavengers in Health and Disease","volume":"2011","author":"Lipinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-015-0194-3","article-title":"T Cells and Reactive Oxygen Species","volume":"22","author":"Belikov","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e14","article-title":"The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Regulating T Cell-Mediated Immunity and Disease","volume":"18","author":"Yarosz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740562","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.740562","article-title":"Pharmacological Activation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Protects Against Heatstroke-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"233","article-title":"Lipid Inflammatory Mediators: Leukotrienes, Prostaglandins, Platelet-Activating Factor","volume":"16","author":"Christie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00f3jcik, P., \u017darkovi\u0107, N., G\u0119gotek, A., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2020). Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030402"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.028","article-title":"Pathophysiological Importance of Aggregated Damaged Proteins","volume":"71","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00233-1","article-title":"Targeting Oxidative Stress in Disease: Promise and Limitations of Antioxidant Therapy","volume":"20","author":"Forman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ambro\u017cewicz, E., W\u00f3jcik, P., Wro\u0144ski, A., \u0141uczaj, W., Jastrz\u0105b, A., \u017darkovi\u0107, N., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2018). Pathophysiological Alterations of Redox Signaling and Endocannabinoid System in Granulocytes and Plasma of Psoriatic Patients. Cells, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7100159"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nrf2, a Master Regulator of Detoxification and Also Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Other Cytoprotective Mechanisms, Is Raised by Health Promoting Factors","volume":"67","author":"Pall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vomund, S., Sch\u00e4fer, A., Parnham, M.J., Br\u00fcne, B., and Von Knethen, A. (2017). Nrf2, the Master Regulator of Anti-Oxidative Responses. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122772"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"NF-\u039aB Signaling in Inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammouda, M.B., Ford, A.E., Liu, Y., and Zhang, J.Y. (2020). The JNK Signaling Pathway in Inflammatory Skin Disorders and Cancer. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040857"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8416763","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health","volume":"2017","author":"Pizzino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2018.05.002","article-title":"Carcinogenesis as a Result of Multiple Inflammatory and Oxidative Hits: A Comprehensive Review from Tumor Microenvironment to Gut Microbiota","volume":"20","author":"Morgillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aggarwal, V., Tuli, H.S., Varol, A., Thakral, F., Yerer, M.B., Sak, K., Varol, M., Jain, A., Khan, M., and Sethi, G. (2019). Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Progression: Molecular Mechanisms and Recent Advancements. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9110735"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-3163-5-14","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species: Role in the Development of Cancer and Various Chronic Conditions","volume":"5","author":"Waris","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derakhshani, A., Rostami, Z., Taefehshokr, S., Safarpour, H., Astamal, R.V., Taefehshokr, N., Alizadeh, N., Argentiero, A., Silvestris, N., and Baradaran, B. (2020). Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Cancer: An Overview. Preprints, 2020030201.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202003.0201.v1"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22417","article-title":"Casticin Impairs Cell Migration and Invasion of Mouse Melanoma B16F10 Cells via PI3K\/AKT and NF-\u039aB Signaling Pathways","volume":"32","author":"Shih","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8127362","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8127362","article-title":"Emerging Perspective: Role of Increased ROS and Redox Imbalance in Skin Carcinogenesis","volume":"2019","author":"Xian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"488","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species in Autoimmune Cells: Function, Differentiation, and Metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350965","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4350965","article-title":"ROS and ROS-Mediated Cellular Signaling","volume":"2016","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.456","article-title":"CD8+ T Cells in the Lesional Skin of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis Patients Are an Important Source of IFN-\u03b3, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-22","volume":"133","author":"Hijnen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.01.011","article-title":"The Immunology of Atopic Dermatitis and Its Reversibility with Broad-Spectrum and Targeted Therapies","volume":"139","author":"Brunner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.2","article-title":"Immunologic Overlap of Helper T-Cell Subtypes 17 and 22 in Erythrodermic Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"151","author":"Moy","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.010","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Immunologic Mechanisms in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"138","author":"Werfel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., Biernacki, M., Wro\u0144ski, A., G\u0119gotek, A., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2020). Cannabidiol Effects on Phospholipid Metabolism in Keratinocytes from Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030367"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"456","article-title":"Oxidative Damage to Macromolecules in Atopic Dermatitis Patients","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141uczaj, W., Dobrzy\u0144ska, I., Wro\u0144ski, A., Domingues, M.R., Domingues, P., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2020). Cannabidiol-Mediated Changes to the Phospholipid Profile of UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes from Psoriatic Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186592"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"2683","article-title":"Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"7","author":"Sivaranjani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagnostic Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00f3jcik, P., Biernacki, M., Wro\u0144ski, A., \u0141uczaj, W., Waeg, G., \u017darkovi\u0107, N., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2019). Altered Lipid Metabolism in Blood Mononuclear Cells of Psoriatic Patients Indicates Differential Changes in Psoriasis Vulgaris and Psoriatic Arthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174249"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u0119gotek, A., Domingues, P., Wro\u0144ski, A., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2020). Changes in Proteome of Fibroblasts Isolated from Psoriatic Skin Lesions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155363"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.10.039","article-title":"The Proteomic Skin Profile of Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis Patients Shows an Inflammatory Signature","volume":"82","author":"Pavel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"590","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"101","author":"Frazier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, W., Shi, Y., Wang, R., Su, D., Tang, M., Liu, Y., and Li, Z. (2021). Antioxidant Activity and Healthy Benefits of Natural Pigments in Fruits: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094945"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dzia\u0142o, M., Mierziak, J., Korzun, U., Preisner, M., Szopa, J., and Kulma, A. (2016). The Potential of Plant Phenolics in Prevention and Therapy of Skin Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020160"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, D., Melo, T., Rey, F., Meneses, J., Monteiro, F.L., Helguero, L.A., Abreu, M.H., Lilleb\u00f8, A.I., Calado, R., and Domingues, M.R. (2020). Valuing Bioactive Lipids from Green, Red and Brown Macroalgae from Aquaculture, to Foster Functionality and Biotechnological Applications. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25173883"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conde, T.A., Neves, B.F., Couto, D., Melo, T., Neves, B., Costa, M., Silva, J., Domingues, P., and Domingues, M.R. (2021). Microalgae as Sustainable Bio-Factories of Healthy Lipids: Evaluating Fatty Acid Content and Antioxidant Activity. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19070357"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.05.010","article-title":"Characterization and in vitro Evaluation of Seaweed Species as Potential Functional Ingredients to Ameliorate Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Rico","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7339","DOI":"10.3390\/md13127069","article-title":"Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds and Tocopherols Contribute to the Antioxidative Properties of Some Microalgae Species Grown on Industrial Wastewater","volume":"13","author":"Safafar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"5477","article-title":"Chemical and Biological Characterization of Lipid Profile from Hydroclathrus clathraus","volume":"64","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-019-00566-3","article-title":"Biomass and Lipid Characterization of Microalgae Genera Botryococcus, Chlorella, and Desmodesmus Aiming High-Value Fatty Acid Production","volume":"11","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomass Conv. Bioref."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coniglio, D., Bianco, M., Ventura, G., Calvano, C.D., Losito, I., and Cataldi, T.R.I. (2021). Lipidomics of the Edible Brown Alga Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154480"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121925","article-title":"Integration of LC\/MS-Based Molecular Networking and Classical Phytochemical Approach Allows in-Depth Annotation of the Metabolome of Non-Model Organisms-The Case Study of the Brown Seaweed Taonia atomaria","volume":"225","author":"Carriot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.202000031","article-title":"The Occurrence of Inositolphosphoceramides in Spirulina Microalgae","volume":"41","author":"Calvano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01742A","article-title":"Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Are Marine Phospholipids the Answer?","volume":"11","author":"Lordan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lordan, R., Tsoupras, A., and Zabetakis, I. (2017). Phospholipids of Animal and Marine Origin: Structure, Function, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201711.0038.v1"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15401","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms131115401","article-title":"Marine Omega-3 Phospholipids: Metabolism and Biological Activities","volume":"13","author":"Burri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801224","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201801224","article-title":"DHA Esterified to Phosphatidylserine or Phosphatidylcholine Is More Efficient at Targeting the Brain than DHA Esterified to Triacylglycerol","volume":"63","author":"Lacombe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D505","DOI":"10.1051\/ocl\/2018054","article-title":"Radical Scavenging Activity of Lipids from Seaweeds Isolated by Solid-Liquid Extraction and Supercritical Fluids","volume":"25","author":"Terme","year":"2018","journal-title":"OCL"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.12.049","article-title":"An Evidence of C16 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Extracted from Microalga for Effective Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Property","volume":"115","author":"Davoodbasha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1615\/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2016014003","article-title":"Photoprotective Effect of Carpomitra costata Extract against Ultraviolet B-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Keratinocytes","volume":"35","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1509.09067","article-title":"Extract of Ettlia sp. YC001 Exerts Photoprotective Effects against UVB Irradiation in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6227","DOI":"10.1021\/jf020290y","article-title":"In vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Sulfolipids from the Red Alga Porphyridium cruentum","volume":"50","author":"Debiton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.042","article-title":"Protective Effect of Arthrospira platensis Extracts against Ultraviolet B-Induced Cellular Senescence through Inhibition of DNA Damage and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts","volume":"173","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-013-9554-8","article-title":"The Protective Effects of Fucosterol against Skin Damage in UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts","volume":"16","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12061","article-title":"Fucosterol Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Promotes Type-1 Procollagen Production in UVB-Induced HaCaT Cells","volume":"89","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S110","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.2007.S110","article-title":"Prevention of Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage as a Therapeutic Strategy in Diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Green","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02254975","article-title":"How Mitochondrial Damage Affects Cell Function","volume":"9","author":"James","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02173-6","article-title":"Screening for Polar Lipids, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Gloeothece sp. Lipid Extracts Pursuing New Phytochemicals from Cyanobacteria","volume":"32","author":"Amaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83455-y","article-title":"Polar Lipidomic Profile Shows Chlorococcum amblystomatis as a Promising Source of Value-Added Lipids","volume":"11","author":"Conde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2020.102128","article-title":"Chemoplasticity of the Polar Lipid Profile of the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Grown under Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Conditions","volume":"53","author":"Couto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-019-00489-w","article-title":"Lipid Composition and Some Bioactivities of 3 Newly Isolated Microalgae (Tetraselmis sp. IMP3, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, and Skeletonema sp.)","volume":"28","author":"Cardoso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8829054","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8829054","article-title":"Lipidomics and Anti-Inflammation Activity of Brown Algae, Lobophora sp., in Vietnam","volume":"2020","author":"Pham","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-013-0174-5","article-title":"Lipids Isolated from the Cultivated Red Alga Chondrus crispus Inhibit Nitric Oxide Production","volume":"26","author":"Banskota","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.02.004","article-title":"Polar Lipids from the Marine Macroalga Palmaria palmata Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells","volume":"101","author":"Banskota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2012.717285","article-title":"Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, Potent Nitric Oxide Inhibitors from the Marine Microalga Tetraselmis chui","volume":"27","author":"Banskota","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-012-9869-2","article-title":"Mono- and Digalactosyldiacylglycerols: Potent Nitric Oxide Inhibitors from the Marine Microalga Nannochloropsis granulata","volume":"25","author":"Banskota","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novichkova, E., Chumin, K., Eretz-Kdosha, N., Boussiba, S., Gopas, J., Cohen, G., and Khozin-Goldberg, I. (2020). DGLA from the Microalga Lobosphaera incsa P127 Modulates Inflammatory Response, Inhibits INOS Expression and Alleviates NO Secretion in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092892"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-012-9967-1","article-title":"New Diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserines from the Marine Microalga Nannochloropsis granulata and Their Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity","volume":"25","author":"Banskota","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2012.696255","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity of Monogalactosylmonoacylglycerols from a Freshwater Microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana","volume":"27","author":"Banskota","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.26410","article-title":"Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanol Extract of Antarctic Freshwater Microalga, Micractinium sp.","volume":"15","author":"Suh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Serie, M.M., Habashy, N.H., and Attia, W.E. (2018). In vitro Evaluation of the Synergistic Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Combined Extracts from Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum and Egyptian Chlorella vulgaris. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2218-5"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-017-1352-7","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Extracts on Human Blood Mononuclear Cells and Murine Macrophages","volume":"30","author":"Neumann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.30647","article-title":"Antarctic Freshwater Microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, Suppresses Inflammation and Carcinogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Suh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e318034194e","article-title":"Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12505705","article-title":"The Role of Epidermal Cytokines in Inflammatory Skin Diseases","volume":"95","author":"Sauder","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5402","DOI":"10.3390\/md13085402","article-title":"The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Algae-Derived Lipid Extracts on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Stimulated Human THP-1 Macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Robertson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X19500940","article-title":"Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Edible Fresh Water Algae Prasiola japonica in UVB-Irradiated Skin Keratinocytes","volume":"47","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s43450-020-00008-6","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo Studies on Hexane Fraction of Nitzschia palea, a Freshwater Diatom for Oxidative Damage Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Response","volume":"30","author":"Lakshmegowda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.172660","article-title":"Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Cytokines by Chlorella vulgaris Extracts","volume":"8","author":"Sibi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-010-0216-6","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Microalgal Extracts from Tetraselmis suecica","volume":"19","author":"Jo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01205","article-title":"Ethanol Extract of Aurantiochytrium mangrovei 18W-13a Strain Possesses Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Murine Macrophage RAW264 Cells","volume":"9","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, W.Y., Sim, J.H., Lee, J.Y., Kang, D.H., and Lee, H.Y. (2019). Increased Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced Microglia Cells by Spirulina maxima Extract from Ultrasonic Process. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9102144"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosxou, D., and Letsiou, S. (2021). Exploring the Protective Effects of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Extract on LPS-Treated Fibroblasts. Cosmetics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8030076"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lauritano, C., Helland, K., Riccio, G., Andersen, J.H., Ianora, A., and Hansen, E.H. (2020). Lysophosphatidylcholines and Chlorophyll-Derived Molecules from the Diatom Cylindrotheca closterium with Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18030166"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.02111.x","article-title":"Laminaria ochroleuca Extract Reduces Skin Inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Bonneville","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venerol."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"591","article-title":"Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes as Carriers to Improve Topical Ascorbic Acid Treatment of Skin Disorders","volume":"8","author":"Serrano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.03.011","article-title":"Oxylipins from the Microalgae Chlamydomonas debaryana and Nannochloropsis gaditana and Their Activity as TNF-\u03b1 Inhibitors","volume":"102","author":"Ortega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.08.002","article-title":"A Mixture of Phytosterols from Dunaliella tertiolecta Affects Proliferation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Cytokine Production in Sheep","volume":"150","author":"Caroprese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.09.023","article-title":"Selective in vivo Anti-Inflammatory Action of the Galactolipid Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol","volume":"524","author":"Bruno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Li, Y., Li, Y., Ye, D., Yuan, L., Sun, Y., Han, D., and Hu, Q. (2019). Solid Matrix-Supported Supercritical CO2 Enhances Extraction of \u03b3-Linolenic Acid from the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis and Bioactivity Evaluation of the Molecule in Zebrafish. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17040203"},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"4765358","article-title":"Effect of Supplementation with n-3 Fatty Acids Extracted from Microalgae on Inflammation Biomarkers from Two Different Strains of Mice","volume":"2018","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514001895","article-title":"Preventive Effect of the Microalga Chlamydomonas debaryana on the Acute Phase of Experimental Colitis in Rats","volume":"112","author":"Talero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2456","article-title":"A Methoxylated Fatty Acid Isolated from the Brown Seaweed Ishige okamurae Inhibits Bacterial Phospholipase A2","volume":"22","author":"Cho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9769454","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9769454","article-title":"Macroalgae Sargassum Cristaefolium Extract Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in BALB\/C Mice","volume":"2020","author":"Prasedya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Luna, A., Talero, E., Terencio, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez, M., Rabasco, A., de los Reyes, C., Motilva, V., and \u00c1vila-Rom\u00e1n, J. (2017). Topical Application of Glycolipids from Isochrysis galbana Prevents Epidermal Hyperplasia in Mice. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16010002"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592688","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.592688","article-title":"The Relationship Between Reactive Oxygen Species and Endothelial Cell Metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Alhayaza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2006.05.012","article-title":"Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammation","volume":"75","author":"Calder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"73","article-title":"Study on the Use of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a Therapeutic Supplement in Treatment of Psoriasis","volume":"4","author":"Millet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.3.2.14816","article-title":"Role of Fatty Acid Transporters in Epidermis: Implications for Health and Disease","volume":"3","author":"Khnykin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermato-Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1427","article-title":"Lyso-DGTS Lipid Isolated from Microalgae Enhances PON1 Activities in vitro and in vivo, Increases PON1 Penetration into Macrophages and Decreases Cellular Lipid Accumulation","volume":"44","author":"Dahli","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioFactors"}],"container-title":["Metabolites"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/12\/2\/96\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:04:53Z","timestamp":1760133893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/12\/2\/96"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["metabo12020096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo12020096","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-1989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-1989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]}}}