{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:18:27Z","timestamp":1773422307162,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":234,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD often occurs associated with endocrinopathies. Evidence suggests that endocrine dysfunction may play an important role in NAFLD development, progression, and severity. Our work aimed to explore and summarize the crosstalk between the liver and different endocrine organs, their hormones, and dysfunctions. For instance, our results show that hyperprolactinemia, hypercortisolemia, and polycystic ovary syndrome seem to worsen NAFLD\u2019s pathway. Hypothyroidism and low growth hormone levels also may contribute to NAFLD\u2019s progression, and a bidirectional association between hypercortisolism and hypogonadism and the NAFLD pathway looks likely, given the current evidence. Therefore, we concluded that it appears likely that there is a link between several endocrine disorders and NAFLD other than the typically known type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS). Nevertheless, there is controversial and insufficient evidence in this area of knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12040298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:41:30Z","timestamp":1648590090000},"page":"298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Endocrine Axes\u2014A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Madalena","family":"Von-Hafe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2929-3751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Borges-Canha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"S\u00e9rgio Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3156-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3s), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7808-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelino","family":"Leite-Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cirurgia Cardiotor\u00e1cica do Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.2217\/pme.14.44","article-title":"Personalizing care for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: What are the research priorities?","volume":"11","author":"Sookoian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pers. 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