{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T06:42:55Z","timestamp":1768804975669,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"National Funds from FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/90867\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/90867\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"National Funds from FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several reports on the biological activity of anthocyanin-rich extracts have been made. However, despite the association of said activity with their anthocyanin content, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous works regarding the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and\/or antiadhesive properties of anthocyanins alone. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the effects of malvidin-3-glucoside, a major component of a previously reported extract, and the impact of its association with neochlorogenic acid (the only non-anthocyanin phenolic present in said extract), upon several Staphylococcus strains with varying resistance profiles. Results show that, while malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside\/neochlorogenic acid mixtures were unable to considerably inhibit bacterial growth after 24 h, they still possessed an interesting antibiofilm activity (with reductions of biofilm entrapped cells up to 2.5 log cycles, metabolic inhibition rates up to 81% and up to 51% of biomass inhibition). When considering the bacteria\u2019s capacity to adhere to plain polystyrene surfaces, the inhibition ranges were considerably lower (21% maximum value). However, when considering polystyrene surfaces coated with plasmatic proteins this value was considerably higher (45% for adhesion in the presence of extract and 39% for adhesion after the surface was exposed to extract). Overall, the studied anthocyanins showed potential as future alternatives to traditional antimicrobials in adhesion and biofilm formation prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12111062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T03:53:07Z","timestamp":1667447587000},"page":"1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antiadhesive and Antibiofilm Effect of Malvidin-3-Glucoside and Malvidin-3-Glucoside\/Neochlorogenic Acid Mixtures upon Staphylococcus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8268-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5138-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Calhau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Tecnologias e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13215","article-title":"Antimicrobial, antiadhesive and antibiofilm activity of an ethanolic, anthocyanin-rich blueberry extract purified by solid phase extraction","volume":"121","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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