{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T15:37:47Z","timestamp":1760369867147,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Society of Diabetology (SPD) with the sponsorship of Novo Nordisk Portugal, Lda"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liraglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prescribed to diabetic patients for glycaemic control. To understand the impact of liraglutide in the real-world setting, this study analysed its effects in a Portuguese cohort of Type 2 diabetes patients. This was an observational, multicentric, and retrospective study that included 191 liraglutide-treated patients with at least 12 months of treatment. Patients\u2019 data were collected and analysed during a 24-month follow-up period. Overall, liraglutide treatment effectively reduced HbA1c levels from 8.3% to around 7.5%, after 6, 12, and 24 months (p &lt; 0.001). In fact, 38.2%, 37.2%, and 44.8% of patients at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, experienced an HbA1c reduction of at least 1%. Moreover, a persistent reduction in anthropometric features was also observed, with 44.0%, 47.6%, and 54.4% of patients achieving a weight reduction of at least 3% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Finally, significant improvements were observed in the HDL-c and LDL-c levels. Our results demonstrate that liraglutide effectively promoted the reduction of HbA1c values during routine clinical practice, which was sustained throughout the study. In addition, there were significant improvements in anthropometric parameters and other cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12111121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:24:53Z","timestamp":1668565493000},"page":"1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Liraglutide Effectiveness in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from a Real-World Cohort of Portuguese Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4728-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Silva-Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Curry Cabral Hospital\u2014Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, 1050-099 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, New University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Edite","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, 3504-509 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Louro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Oeste, 2500-176 Caldas da Rainha, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Dores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Laginha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Clinic, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Protetora dos Diab\u00e9ticos de Portugal (APDP), 1250-189 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gon\u00e7alves-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Garcia de Orta Hospital, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Selma B.","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Pina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Algarve, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Clinic, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Protetora dos Diab\u00e9ticos de Portugal (APDP), 1250-189 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Portuguese Society of Diabetology (SPD), 1250-198 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2589-7208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Filipe","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA Medical School, New University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Diabetes Clinic, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Protetora dos Diab\u00e9ticos de Portugal (APDP), 1250-189 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Portuguese Society of Diabetology (SPD), 1250-198 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000101","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients: A review of current evidence","volume":"5","author":"Regufe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Porto Biomed. 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