{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T15:34:36Z","timestamp":1769960076492,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]],"date-time":"2020-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEst-OE\/EME\/UI0532; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031758; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016861-PTDC\/QEQ-FTT\/4287\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEst-OE\/EME\/UI0532; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031758; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016861-PTDC\/QEQ-FTT\/4287\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEst-OE\/EME\/UI0532; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031758; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016861-PTDC\/QEQ-FTT\/4287\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEst-OE\/EME\/UI0532; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031758; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016861-PTDC\/QEQ-FTT\/4287\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two-phase flows are found in several industrial systems\/applications, including boilers and condensers, which are used in power generation or refrigeration, steam generators, oil\/gas extraction wells and refineries, flame stabilizers, safety valves, among many others. The structure of these flows is complex, and it is largely governed by the extent of interphase interactions. In the last two decades, due to a large development of microfabrication technologies, many microstructured devices involving several elements (constrictions, contractions, expansions, obstacles, or T-junctions) have been designed and manufactured. The pursuit for innovation in two-phase flows in these elements require an understanding and control of the behaviour of bubble\/droplet flow. The need to systematize the most relevant studies that involve these issues constitutes the motivation for this review. In the present work, literature addressing gas-liquid and liquid-liquid flows, with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, and covering theoretical, experimental, and numerical approaches, is reviewed. Particular focus is given to the deformation, coalescence, and breakup mechanisms when bubbles and droplets pass through the aforementioned microfluidic elements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11020201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T10:10:25Z","timestamp":1582020625000},"page":"201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Review on Microbubbles and Microdroplets Flowing through Microfluidic Geometrical Elements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8691-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana T. S.","family":"Cerdeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFT, Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o B. L. M.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFT, Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1830-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFT, Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 D. P.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFT, Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.10.008","article-title":"Numerical simulation of two-phase gas\u2013liquid flow through gradual expansions\/contractions","volume":"79","author":"Ahmadpour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Multiph. Flow"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James, M.R., Lane, S.J., and Chouet, B.A. (2006). Gas slug ascent through changes in conduit diameter: Laboratory insights into a volcano-seismic source process in low-viscosity magmas. J. Geophys. 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