{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:45:43Z","timestamp":1760147143643,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PTDC\/EEI-TEL\/29670\/2017","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029670","SFRH\/BD\/141462\/2018","SFRH\/BD\/137529\/2018","UIDB\/04436\/2020","UIDP\/04436\/2020","UIDB\/04650\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029670","SFRH\/BD\/141462\/2018","SFRH\/BD\/137529\/2018","UIDB\/04436\/2020","UIDP\/04436\/2020","UIDB\/04650\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029670","SFRH\/BD\/141462\/2018","SFRH\/BD\/137529\/2018","UIDB\/04436\/2020","UIDP\/04436\/2020","UIDB\/04650\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029670","SFRH\/BD\/141462\/2018","SFRH\/BD\/137529\/2018","UIDB\/04436\/2020","UIDP\/04436\/2020","UIDB\/04650\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Graphene has unique properties that can be exploited for radiofrequency applications. Its characterization is key for the development of new graphene devices, circuits, and systems. Due to the two-dimensional nature of graphene, there are challenges in the methodology to extract relevant characteristics that are necessary for device design. In this work, the Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration was evaluated as a solution to extract graphene\u2019s electrical characteristics from 1 GHz to 65 GHz, where the calibration structures\u2019 requirements were analyzed. It was demonstrated that thick metallic contacts, a low-loss substrate, and a short and thin contact are necessary to characterize graphene. Furthermore, since graphene\u2019s properties are dependent on the polarization voltage applied, a backgate has to be included so that graphene can be characterized for different chemical potentials. Such characterization is mandatory for the design of graphene RF electronics and can be used to extract characteristics such as graphene\u2019s resistance, quantum capacitance, and kinetic inductance. Finally, the proposed structure was characterized, and graphene\u2019s resistance and quantum capacitance were extracted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14010215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T03:10:34Z","timestamp":1673838634000},"page":"215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extraction of Graphene\u2019s RF Impedance through Thru-Reflect-Line Calibration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ivo","family":"Colmiais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS\u2014Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"INL\u2014International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vitor","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS\u2014Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"INL\u2014International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5622-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Borme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INL\u2014International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-6188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Alpuim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INL\u2014International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Center of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo M.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS\u2014Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6236","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00633","article-title":"Exploring Two-Dimensional Materials toward the Next-Generation Circuits: From Monomer Design to Assembly Control","volume":"118","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. 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