{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T13:58:29Z","timestamp":1760709509708,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,27]],"date-time":"2018-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well known that neural activity can be modulated using a cooling device. The applications of this technique range from the treatment of medication-resistant cerebral diseases to brain functional mapping. Despite the potential benefits of such technique, its use has been limited due to the lack of suitable thermal modulators. This paper presents the design and validation of a solid-state cooler that was able to modulate the neural activity of rodents without the use of large and unpractical water pipes. A miniaturized thermal control solution based exclusively on solid-state devices was designed, occupying only 5 mm \u00d7 5 mm \u00d7 3 mm, and featuring the potential for wireless power and communications. The cold side of the device was cooled to 26 \u00b0C, while the hot side was kept below 43 \u00b0C. This range of temperatures is compatible with brain cooling and efficient enough for achieving some control of neural activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi9020047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T07:46:20Z","timestamp":1517211980000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Design and Performance Assessment of a Solid-State Microcooler for Thermal Neuromodulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"Vendramini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, U1216 Inserm, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Grenoble, France"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2394-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5192-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Coizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, U1216 Inserm, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Grenoble, France"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, U1216 Inserm, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Grenoble, France"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Accuray Research LLP (2016). 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