{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:26:08Z","timestamp":1778646368416,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Techniques, such as micropipette aspiration and optical tweezers, are widely used to measure cell mechanical properties, but are generally labor-intensive and time-consuming, typically involving a difficult process of manipulation. In the past two decades, a large number of microfluidic devices have been developed due to the advantages they offer over other techniques, including transparency for direct optical access, lower cost, reduced space and labor, precise control, and easy manipulation of a small volume of blood samples. This review presents recent advances in the development of microfluidic devices to evaluate the mechanical response of individual red blood cells (RBCs) and microbubbles flowing in constriction microchannels. Visualizations and measurements of the deformation of RBCs flowing through hyperbolic, smooth, and sudden-contraction microchannels were evaluated and compared. In particular, we show the potential of using hyperbolic-shaped microchannels to precisely control and assess small changes in RBC deformability in both physiological and pathological situations. Moreover, deformations of air microbubbles and droplets flowing through a microfluidic constriction were also compared with RBCs deformability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi9040151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T12:17:24Z","timestamp":1522153044000},"page":"151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Deformation of Red Blood Cells, Air Bubbles, and Droplets in Microfluidic Devices: Flow Visualizations and Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Bento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, ESTiG\/IPB, C. Sta. Apol\u00f3nia, 5301-857 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) Rua Roberto Frias, 4800-058 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, ESTiG\/IPB, C. Sta. Apol\u00f3nia, 5301-857 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"LCM\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials\u2014Associate Laboratory LSRE\/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) Rua Roberto Frias, 4800-058 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Faustino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEMS-UMinho Research Unit, Universidade do Minho, DEI, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3884-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, ESTiG\/IPB, C. Sta. Apol\u00f3nia, 5301-857 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) Rua Roberto Frias, 4800-058 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Digitaliza\u00e7\u00e3o e Rob\u00f3tica Inteligente (CeDRI), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, ESTiG\/IPB, C. Sta. Apol\u00f3nia, 5301-857 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, ESTiG\/IPB, C. Sta. Apol\u00f3nia, 5301-857 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Digitaliza\u00e7\u00e3o e Rob\u00f3tica Inteligente (CeDRI), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Algoritmi R&amp;D Centre, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Valdemar","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, ESTiG\/IPB, C. Sta. Apol\u00f3nia, 5301-857 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1830-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) Rua Roberto Frias, 4800-058 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3428-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) Rua Roberto Frias, 4800-058 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"MEtRiCS, Mechanical Engineering Department, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01697397","article-title":"The clinical importance of erythrocyte deformability, a hemorrheological parameter","volume":"64","author":"Mokken","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. 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