{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T02:50:14Z","timestamp":1770346214647,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["766894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["766894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Japan-Slovenia Research Cooperative Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Japan-Slovenia Research Cooperative Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Bi-JP\/17-19-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bi-JP\/17-19-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbon, one of the most abundant materials, is very attractive for many applications because it exists in a variety of forms based on dimensions, such as zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and-three dimensional (3D). Carbon nanowall (CNW) is a vertically-oriented 2D form of a graphene-like structure with open boundaries, sharp edges, nonstacking morphology, large interlayer spacing, and a huge surface area. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is widely used for the large-scale synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) with different types of plasma activation. Plasma-enhanced techniques open up possibilities to improve the structure and morphology of CNWs by controlling the plasma discharge parameters. Plasma-assisted surface treatment on CNWs improves their stability against structural degradation and surface chemistry with enhanced electrical and chemical properties. These advantages broaden the applications of CNWs in electrochemical energy storage devices, catalysis, and electronic devices and sensing devices to extremely thin black body coatings. However, the controlled growth of CNWs for specific applications remains a challenge. In these aspects, this review discusses the growth of CNWs using different plasma activation, the influence of various plasma-discharge parameters, and plasma-assisted surface treatment techniques for tailoring the properties of CNWs. The challenges and possibilities of CNW-related research are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi9110565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T11:31:47Z","timestamp":1541071907000},"page":"565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Oriented Carbon Nanostructures by Plasma Processing: Recent Advances and Future Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5241-5481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neelakandan","family":"Santhosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0153-5181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Filipi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9444-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Tatarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5356-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Baranov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Plasma Laboratory, National Aerospace University, Kharkov, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Sekine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}]},{"given":"Kostya","family":"Ostrikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology QUT, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1957-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uro\u0161","family":"Cvelbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/318162a0","article-title":"C60: Buckminsterfullerene","volume":"318","author":"Kroto","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(96)00139-X","article-title":"Production of petal-like graphite sheets by hydrogen arc discharge","volume":"35","author":"Ando","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carbon N. 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