{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T18:45:17Z","timestamp":1775760317391,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)","award":["CNPq 301964\/2019-0 Chamada 06\/2019, and Chamada CNPq n\u00ba 01\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq 301964\/2019-0 Chamada 06\/2019, and Chamada CNPq n\u00ba 01\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)","award":["Estancias de Investigaci\u00f3n, C.2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Estancias de Investigaci\u00f3n, C.2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carolina (Movilidad de profesorado Brasil-Espa\u00f1a, Movilidad","award":["CNPq 301964\/2019-0 Chamada 06\/2019, and Chamada CNPq n\u00ba 01\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq 301964\/2019-0 Chamada 06\/2019, and Chamada CNPq n\u00ba 01\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carolina (Movilidad de profesorado Brasil-Espa\u00f1a, Movilidad","award":["Estancias de Investigaci\u00f3n, C.2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Estancias de Investigaci\u00f3n, C.2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology Research"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML) show clinical spectra that can range from a localized lesion (with a spontaneous healing process) to cases that progress to a generalized systemic disease with a risk of death. The treatment of leishmaniasis is complex since most of the available drugs show high toxicity. The development of an effective topical drug formulation for CL and ML treatment offers advantages as it will improve patient\u2019s compliance to the therapy given the possibility for self-administration, as well as overcoming the first pass metabolism and the high costs of currently available alternatives. The most common dosage forms include solid formulations, such as membranes and semi-solid formulations (e.g., ointments, creams, gels, and pastes). Topical treatment has been used as a new route of administration for conventional drugs against leishmaniasis and its combinations, as well as to exploit new substances. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of using topical drug delivery for the treatment of these two forms of leishmaniasis and the relevance of combining this approach with other pharmaceutical dosage forms. Emphasis will also be given to the use of nanomaterials for site-specific delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres13040059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:31:01Z","timestamp":1666053061000},"page":"836-852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cutaneous\/Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis Treatment for Wound Healing: Classical versus New Treatment Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Severino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"given":"Wanessa","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Erika S.","family":"Lisboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Victoria L. S. dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Erica T. dos Santos","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana C.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ricardo L. C. de","family":"Albuquerque-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-370, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6126-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz C.","family":"Naveros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biosanitary Institute of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5505-3327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonello","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via. D. Montesano 49, 80131-20 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9737-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana B.","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5999-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sona","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Technology, University Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, August 03). World Health Organization. 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