{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T04:33:26Z","timestamp":1775018006318,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pr\u00f3-reitoria de Pesquisa, Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o\u2014PROPESP (IFSul)","award":["PE04210621\/056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE04210621\/056"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology Research"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Honey is a sugar-rich product produced by Apis mellifera bees, with significant variability in properties due to the influence of geographic and climatic conditions and the predominant flora in the production region. Economically, beekeeping is an activity that generates profit and fulfills environmental and social functions, reinforcing the pillars of sustainability. This study aimed to characterize samples of honey sold in southern Brazil, including physicochemical analyses, the detection of microbiological contaminants with potential impact on human health, and the detailed identification of bacterial composition through the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). The present study was divided into five main stages: (1) sample collection; (2) sample fractionation; (3) physicochemical analysis; (4) microbiological analysis; (5) 16S metataxonomy analysis. The physicochemical analyses agreed with the regulated values, indicating the good quality of the honey and the absence of adulteration. The microbiological analyses indicated the absence of Salmonella spp., in addition to a low count of total coliforms. The limits for molds and yeasts were exceeded in three samples, indicating non-compliance with current MERCOSUR legislation. Metabarcoding analysis identified a total of 15,736 OTUs divided into three different genera: Bacillus (41.54%), Lysinnibacillus, and Rossellomorea, all belonging to the Bacillaceae family. Some pathogenic species were identified, namely the Bacillus cereus group and Bacillus pumilus. Our results point to an increased need for surveillance, as honey contamination can lead to public health problems, requiring improvements in legislation and control parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres16060128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T09:51:24Z","timestamp":1749808284000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microbial Contamination in Commercial Honey: Insights for Food Safety and Quality Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Felipe","family":"Bruxel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Geller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teaching, Research, and Extension, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Sul-Rio-Grandense, Lajeado 95910-016, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8813-8850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei Giacchetto","family":"Felice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department Tropical Medicine and Infectology, Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5314-9269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeferson Alo\u00edsio","family":"Str\u00f6her","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7726-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Santos de","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Balen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Foods of Animal Origin, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Beatriz Prior Pinto","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7256-265X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wemerson de Castro","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teaching, Research, and Extension, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Sul-Rio-Grandense, Lajeado 95910-016, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO, and WHO (2001). 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