{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T08:04:31Z","timestamp":1772179471198,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020, UIDB\/04423\/2020 and UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020, UIDB\/04423\/2020 and UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parasitic nematodes of the genus Anisakis are among the most important biological hazards associated with seafood. A survey of Anisakis spp. in European hake (Merluccius merluccius) was undertaken as this species is a staple of the Portuguese diet. Moreover, a literature review of cases of anisakiosis reported from Portugal, a country with one of the highest levels of fish consumption in the world, was also carried out. Seventy-five European hake caught in the Atlantic Ocean off the northern coast of Portugal were analyzed to determine the infection levels and site distribution of Anisakis spp. Isolated nematode larvae were identified to species level by molecular analysis. Two sets of samples were collected. Firstly, a total of 46 Anisakis spp. L3 larvae were collected with a prevalence of 76.7% (95% CI 61.5\u201391.8%) and intensity (mean \u00b1 SD, range) of 2.0 \u00b1 1.2 (1\u20135). Most larvae were found on the liver (45.7%) and on the gonads (32.6%), but none in the muscle. The molecular analysis showed the presence of both A. simplex s.s. (70%) and A. pegreffii (30%). For the second sample, analyzed using the UV-Press method, a total of 473 Anisakis spp. were found, with a prevalence of 95.6% (95% CI 89.5\u2013100.0%), intensity (mean \u00b1 SD, range) of 11.3 \u00b1 9.7 (1\u201341), density of 0.05 \u00b1 0.04 (0\u20130.16) worms\/muscle weight in g, and density of 0.54 \u00b1 0.50 (0\u20132.53) worms\/viscera weight in g. Surprisingly, only three very recent cases of human anisakiosis in Portugal have been reported in the literature. Data from this study contribute towards an updating of the existing epidemiological picture in an area characterized by very high seafood consumption and changing eating habits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T22:16:18Z","timestamp":1643753778000},"page":"331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Preliminary Data on the Occurrence of Anisakis spp. in European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) Caught Off the Portuguese Coast and on Reports of Human Anisakiosis in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Animal, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Animal, CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Animal, CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Veterin\u00e1rias, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Guardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Olwen","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Animal, CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9614-2032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Armani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Andreia J. R.","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Animal, CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Academic Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Goias State University, Campus Central\u2013Sede Anapolis (CET), BR 153, CEP 75132-903 Goias, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Vieira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Veterin\u00e1rias, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV, Centro de Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2017.12.001","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Anisakis and anisakiasis: An ecological and evolutionary road map","volume":"99","author":"Mattiucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. 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