{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:50:01Z","timestamp":1767423001084,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ALiCE","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589","SFRH\/BD\/141614\/2018","CEECIND\/01700\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589","SFRH\/BD\/141614\/2018","CEECIND\/01700\/2017"]}]},{"name":"LEPABE","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589","SFRH\/BD\/141614\/2018","CEECIND\/01700\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589","SFRH\/BD\/141614\/2018","CEECIND\/01700\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FEDER","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589","SFRH\/BD\/141614\/2018","CEECIND\/01700\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589","SFRH\/BD\/141614\/2018","CEECIND\/01700\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589","SFRH\/BD\/141614\/2018","CEECIND\/01700\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589","SFRH\/BD\/141614\/2018","CEECIND\/01700\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Employment Stimulus-Individual Call","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589","SFRH\/BD\/141614\/2018","CEECIND\/01700\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589","SFRH\/BD\/141614\/2018","CEECIND\/01700\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrodynamics play an important role in the rate of cell attachment and nutrient and oxygen transfer, which can affect biofilm development and the level of recombinant protein production. In the present study, the effects of different flow conditions on the development of Escherichia coli biofilms and the expression of a model recombinant protein (enhanced green fluorescent protein, eGFP) were examined. Planktonic and biofilm cells were grown at two different flow rates in a recirculating flow cell system for 7 days: 255 and 128 L h\u22121 (corresponding to a Reynolds number of 4600 and 2300, respectively). The fluorometric analysis showed that the specific eGFP production was higher in biofilms than in planktonic cells under both hydrodynamic conditions (3-fold higher for 255 L h\u22121 and 2-fold higher for 128 L h\u22121). In the biofilm cells, the percentage of eGFP-expressing cells was on average 52% higher at a flow rate of 255 L h\u22121. Furthermore, a higher plasmid copy number (PCN) was obtained for the highest flow rate for both planktonic (244 PCN\/cell versus 118 PCN\/cell) and biofilm cells (43 PCN\/cell versus 29 PCN\/cell). The results suggested that higher flow velocities promoted eGFP expression in E. coli biofilms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10050931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]],"date-time":"2022-04-30T05:44:07Z","timestamp":1651297447000},"page":"931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Hydrodynamic Effects on Biofilm Development and Recombinant Protein Expression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8992-1097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4840-6299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel A.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5233-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe J.","family":"Mergulh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2013.11.008","article-title":"Recombinant protein production in bacterial hosts","volume":"19","author":"Overton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Discov. 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