{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:34:44Z","timestamp":1772825684245,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CESAM","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CESAM","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CESAM","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523"]}]},{"name":"CESAM","award":["PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"]}]},{"name":"CESAM","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523-PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523-PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"]}]},{"name":"CESAM","award":["CEECINST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0022"]}]},{"name":"CESAM","award":["CEEC-INST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEEC-INST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0013"]}]},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523"]}]},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE","award":["PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"]}]},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523-PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523-PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"]}]},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE","award":["CEECINST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0022"]}]},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE","award":["CEEC-INST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEEC-INST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Corlutna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Corlutna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Corlutna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Corlutna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Corlutna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523-PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523-PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Corlutna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECINST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Corlutna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEEC-INST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEEC-INST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Corlutna","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Corlutna","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Corlutna","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523"]}]},{"name":"Corlutna","award":["PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Corlutna","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523-PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523-PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Corlutna","award":["CEECINST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0022"]}]},{"name":"Corlutna","award":["CEEC-INST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEEC-INST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CEEC institutional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CEEC institutional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CEEC institutional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CEEC institutional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CEEC institutional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523-PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031523-PTDC\/QUI-ORG\/031523\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CEEC institutional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECINST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CEEC institutional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEEC-INST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEEC-INST\/00137\/2018\/CP1520\/CT0013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Corroles possess key photophysical and photochemical properties to be exploited as therapeutic agents in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Herein, we present for the first time the antimicrobial efficiency of three corrole dimers and of the corresponding precursor against the Gram(+) bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, to explore future clinical applications, the cytotoxicity of the most promising derivatives towards Vero cells was evaluated. The aPDT assays performed under white light irradiation (50 mW\/cm2; light dose 450 J\/cm2) and at a corrole concentration of 15 \u00b5M showed that some dimers were able to reduce 99.9999% of S. aureus strain (decrease of 5 log10 CFU\/mL) and their photodynamic efficiency was dependent on position, type of linkage, and aggregation behavior. Under the same light conditions, the corrole precursor 1 demonstrated notable photodynamic efficiency, achieving total photoinactivation (&gt;8.0 log10 CFU\/mL reduction) after the same period of irradiation (light dose 450 J\/cm2). No cytotoxicity was observed when Vero cells were exposed to corrole 1 and dimer 3 for 24 h according to ISO guidelines (ISO 10993-5) for in vitro cytotoxicity of medical devices. The results show that corrole dimers, dependent on their structures, can be considered good photosensitizers to kill Staphylococcus aureus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T22:37:20Z","timestamp":1655073440000},"page":"1167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Can Corrole Dimers Be Good Photosensitizers to Kill Bacteria?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9003-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula S. S.","family":"Lacerda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2986-2088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bartolomeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3201-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana T. P. C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6849-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-8664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelaide","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4423-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A. F.","family":"Faustino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7953-8166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria G. P. M. S.","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0794-144X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana F. B.","family":"Barata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CS00662B","article-title":"Corroles at work: A small macrocycle for great applications","volume":"51","author":"Gros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2017.08.028","article-title":"Corroles as triplet photosensitizers","volume":"379","author":"Mahammed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00546","article-title":"Electrochemistry of Corroles in Nonaqueous Media","volume":"117","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00361","article-title":"Porphyrinoids for Chemical Sensor Applications","volume":"117","author":"Paolesse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00400","article-title":"Fighting Cancer with Corroles","volume":"117","author":"Teo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38592-w","article-title":"Cell-Penetrating Protein\/Corrole Nanoparticles","volume":"9","author":"Soll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Scott, R.A., and Storr, T. (2020). Corroles. Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1039\/b618482k","article-title":"Corrole-based applications","volume":"20","author":"Aviv","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, A.R.L., Tom\u00e9, A.C., Santos, C.I.M., Faustino, M.A.F., Neves, M.G.P.M.S., Sim\u00f5es, M.M.Q., Moura, N.M.M., Abu-Orabi, S.T., and Cavaleiro, J.A.S. (2020). Azides and porphyrinoids: Synthetic approaches and applications. Part 1\u2014Azides, Porphyrins and Corroles. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071662"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.04.012","article-title":"Novel hybrids based on graphene quantum dots covalently linked to glycol corroles for multiphoton bioimaging","volume":"166","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.26183","article-title":"Iodine substituted phosphorus corrole complexes as possible photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy: Insights from theory","volume":"41","author":"Alberto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64389-3","article-title":"Iridium Corroles Exhibit Weak Near-Infrared Phosphorescence but Efficiently Sensitize Singlet Oxygen Formation","volume":"10","author":"Thomassen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.12.025","article-title":"Photodynamic effects induced by meso-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole and its cyclodextrin conjugates on cytoskeletal components of HeLa cells","volume":"92","author":"Barata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13079","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c02600","article-title":"Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Effects of Graphene Quantum Dots Conjugated with Aminoporphyrins","volume":"2021","author":"Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201820170824","article-title":"Evaluation of meso-substituted cationic corroles as potential antibacterial agents","volume":"90","author":"Cardote","year":"2018","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Ci\u00eancias"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.013","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of mold fungi spores by newly developed charged corroles","volume":"133","author":"Saltsman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2016-0189","article-title":"Advances in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation at the nanoscale","volume":"6","author":"Kashef","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanophotonics"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.06.008","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation: A bright new technique to kill resistant microbes","volume":"33","author":"Hamblin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101754","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on skin using a porphyrinic formulation","volume":"30","author":"Braz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30268-7","article-title":"Photoantimicrobials\u2014Are we afraid of the light?","volume":"17","author":"Wainwright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20150942","article-title":"New photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy","volume":"473","author":"Abrahamse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klausen, M., Ucuncu, M., and Bradley, M. (2020). Design of Photosensitizing Agents for Targeted Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225239"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.201800570","article-title":"Singly, Doubly, and Triply Linked Corrole Oligomers: Synthesis, Structures, and Linking Position Dependent Properties","volume":"84","author":"Ooi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chempluschem"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1142\/S1088424620500145","article-title":"Screening metal-dicorrole-based dyes with excellent photoelectronic properties for dye-sensitized solar cells by density functional calculations","volume":"24","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12380","DOI":"10.1021\/ja062654z","article-title":"Synthesis and biradicaloid character of doubly linked corrole dimers","volume":"128","author":"Hiroto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2006.09.026","article-title":"\u03b2,\u03b2\u2032-Corrole dimers","volume":"47","author":"Barata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.6b02944","article-title":"The planar cyclooctatetraene bridge in bis-metallic macrocycles: Isolating or conjugating?","volume":"56","author":"Bhowmik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2003.09.003","article-title":"Regulation of virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus: Complexity and applications","volume":"28","author":"Bronner","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1878688","article-title":"Pathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"12","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00267","article-title":"Effect of photodynamic therapy on the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"7","author":"Bartolomeu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2012). The Evolving Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance, WHO."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1039\/b208950e","article-title":"Refined methods for the synthesis of meso-substituted A3- and trans-A2B-corroles","volume":"1","author":"Gryko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4048","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3773(20001117)39:22<4048::AID-ANIE4048>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Structural, electrochemical, and photophysical properties of gallium(III) 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole","volume":"39","author":"Bendix","year":"2000","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00364","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and resistance: Influencing factors","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN02649K","article-title":"The importance of lag time extension in determining bacterial resistance to antibiotics","volume":"141","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.9.1824","article-title":"Bactericidal effects of antibiotics on slowly growing and nongrowing bacteria","volume":"35","author":"Eng","year":"1991","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2009). Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices\u2014Part 5: Tests for In Vitro Cytotoxicity (Standard No. ISO 10993-5:2009)."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2021.04.010","article-title":"A simple and low-cost resazurin assay for vitality assessment across species","volume":"333","author":"Mehring","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10195","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201701674","article-title":"Hydrogen Bonds Involving Cavity NH Protons Drives Supramolecular Oligomerization of Amido-Corroles","volume":"23","author":"Tasior","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. A Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2010.01.033","article-title":"How light affects 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole","volume":"51","author":"Barata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.202000807","article-title":"Pyrene appended free-base, phosphorus(V) and gallium(III) corroles and their \u03b2,\u03b2\u2032-linked corrole dimers: Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties","volume":"2021","author":"Sujesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12350","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.7b00168","article-title":"Investigation of excited-state photophysical properties of water-soluble gallium corrole","volume":"121","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2021.109557","article-title":"Pyrazole-pyridinium porphyrins and chlorins as powerful photosensitizers for photoinactivation of planktonic and biofilm forms of E. coli","volume":"193","author":"Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dye Pigment."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-8545(02)00034-6","article-title":"Photosensitized singlet oxygen and its applications","volume":"233\u2013234","author":"DeRosa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2013.01.005","article-title":"Involvement of type I and type II mechanisms on the photoinactivation of non-enveloped DNA and RNA bacteriophages","volume":"120","author":"Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02665","article-title":"An Insight into the Potentiation Effect of Potassium Iodide on aPDT Efficacy","volume":"9","author":"Vieira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71228","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA11070J","article-title":"Synthesis of new porphyrin\/4-quinolone conjugates and evaluation of their efficiency in the photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"5","author":"Batalha","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2015.07.031","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of Escherichia coli with cationic meso-tetraarylporphyrins\u2014The charge number and charge distribution effects","volume":"266","author":"Gomes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, E., Costa, L., Carvalho, C.M.B., Tom\u00e9, J.P.C., Faustino, M.A.F., Neves, M.G.P.M.S., Tom\u00e9, A.C., Cavaleiro, J.A.S., Cunha, \u00c2., and Almeida, A. (2009). Charge effect on the photoinactivation of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by cationic meso-substituted porphyrins. BMC Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-70"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12018","article-title":"Photoinactivation of Escherichia coli (SURE2) without intracellular uptake of the photosensitizer","volume":"114","author":"Zeugner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2020.107608","article-title":"Vero cell upstream bioprocess development for the production of viral vectors and vaccines","volume":"44","author":"Kiesslich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/10\/6\/1167\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:25:16Z","timestamp":1760138716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/10\/6\/1167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms10061167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10061167","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]}}}