{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:03:37Z","timestamp":1772024617884,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Microbiologia Molecular, Estrutural e Celular, funded by FEDER through COMPETE2020\u2014Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER"]}]},{"name":"Microbiologia Molecular, Estrutural e Celular, funded by FEDER through COMPETE2020\u2014Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016417"]}]},{"name":"Microbiologia Molecular, Estrutural e Celular, funded by FEDER through COMPETE2020\u2014Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["WI230921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WI230921"]}]},{"name":"ONEIDA co-funded by Fundos Europeus Estruturais e de Investimento, Programa Operacional Regional Lisboa 2020 and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER"]}]},{"name":"ONEIDA co-funded by Fundos Europeus Estruturais e de Investimento, Programa Operacional Regional Lisboa 2020 and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016417"]}]},{"name":"ONEIDA co-funded by Fundos Europeus Estruturais e de Investimento, Programa Operacional Regional Lisboa 2020 and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["WI230921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WI230921"]}]},{"name":"Pfizer Portugal (to RSL)","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER"]}]},{"name":"Pfizer Portugal (to RSL)","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016417"]}]},{"name":"Pfizer Portugal (to RSL)","award":["WI230921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WI230921"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal. CC was supported by grant from Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, Portugal","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal. CC was supported by grant from Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, Portugal","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016417"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal. CC was supported by grant from Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, Portugal","award":["WI230921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WI230921"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Haemophilus influenzae is an important cause of mucosal and invasive infections and a common colonizer of the upper respiratory tract. As there are no recent data on H. influenzae carriage in Portugal, we aimed to characterize carriage samples and investigate possible parallelisms with disease isolates. Between 2016\u20132019, 1524 nasopharyngeal samples were obtained from children (0\u20136 years) attending day-care. H. influenzae were serotyped and screened for \u03b2-lactamase production. Strains producing \u03b2-lactamase and\/or those that were encapsulated were further characterized by antibiotype; encapsulated strains were also investigated for MLST and the presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes (extracted from whole genome sequencing). The overall carriage rate was 84.1%. Most isolates (96.7%) were nonencapsulated. Encapsulated strains were of serotypes f (1.8%), e (1.1%), a (0.3%), and b (0.1%). MLST showed clonality within serotypes. Although the lineages were the same as those that were described among disease isolates, colonization isolates had fewer virulence determinants. Overall, 7.5% of the isolates were \u03b2-lactamase positive; one isolate had blaTEM-82, which has not been previously described in H. influenzae. A single isolate, which was identified as H. parainfluenzae, had an incomplete f-like cap locus. In conclusion, circulation of serotype b is residual. The few encapsulated strains are genetically related to disease-causing isolates. Thus, surveillance of H. influenzae carriage should be maintained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10101964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T04:00:02Z","timestamp":1665288002000},"page":"1964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Haemophilus influenzae Carriage among Healthy Children in Portugal, 2015\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1453-0315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Bajanca-Lavado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i> Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 1600-046 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cavaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i> Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 1600-046 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Human Pathogens, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i> Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 1600-046 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Human Pathogens, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Touret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Human Pathogens, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Candeias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Human Pathogens, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra S.","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Human Pathogens, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"S\u00e1-Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Human Pathogens, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140294","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0294","article-title":"The role of the local microbial ecosystem in respiratory health and disease","volume":"370","author":"Sanders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. 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