{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T05:04:54Z","timestamp":1776402294311,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014the Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/Multi\/04413\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04413\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014the Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/04413\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04413\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014the Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["03010344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03010344"]}]},{"name":"MSD Animal Health Lda. and LETI Pharma","award":["UID\/Multi\/04413\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04413\/2019"]}]},{"name":"MSD Animal Health Lda. and LETI Pharma","award":["UID\/04413\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04413\/2020"]}]},{"name":"MSD Animal Health Lda. and LETI Pharma","award":["03010344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03010344"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) caused by Leishmania infantum is an important zoonosis in southwestern European countries where this disease is endemic, and dogs, as domestic animals in close contact with humans, are the reservoir hosts for the parasite. In Portugal, CanL is of relevant veterinary concern. The previous national study revealed an overall seroprevalence of 6.3%. Since then, new prophylactic measures, such as vaccines, have been introduced in Europe. The aim of this study was to update seroprevalence for Leishmania infection and reassess risk factors in Portugal. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January\u2013March 2021 with 1860 client-owned dogs from continental Portugal. A questionnaire and whole blood samples on filter paper were collected and a direct agglutination test was used to calculate anti-Leishmania antibody titres. True seroprevalence was 12.5% (95% CI 10.3\u201313.2%). Potential risk factors associated with L. infantum infection in dogs were age \u2265 2 years (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.1\u20132.6) and residing in the interior regions of the country (aOR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.3\u20132.9) and non-use of repellents (aOR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.2\u20132.5). The key to controlling CanL and its impact on Public Health in endemic areas lies in continuous implementation of prophylactic measures, through the correct use of repellents\/insecticides and vaccines and early detection and monitoring of infected dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T02:28:58Z","timestamp":1668479338000},"page":"2262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Leishmania Infection in Dogs from Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2545-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Morgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LETI Pharma S.L.U., 08038 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD Animal Health Lda, 2770-192 Pa\u00e7o de Arcos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7047-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben Foj","family":"Ibars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LETI Pharma S.L.U., 08038 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Lenea","family":"Campino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9710-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luzia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estat\u00edstica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"z-Stat4life, Cowork do Pal\u00e1cio Baldaya, 1549-011 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5850-6950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x","article-title":"Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern","volume":"27","author":"Maroli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. 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