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Such findings, together with the recognition of the advantages of RNA in terms of its functional performance, have attracted the attention of synthetic biologists to create potent RNA-based tools for biotechnological and medical applications. In this review, we have gathered the knowledge on the connection between RNA metabolism and pathogenesis in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We further discuss how RNA techniques have contributed to the building of this knowledge and the development of new tools in synthetic biology for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Infectious diseases are still a world-leading cause of death and morbidity, and RNA-based therapeutics have arisen as an alternative way to achieve success. There are still obstacles to overcome in its application, but much progress has been made in a fast and effective manner, paving the way for the solid establishment of RNA-based therapies in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T04:39:59Z","timestamp":1669005599000},"page":"2303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Developing New Tools to Fight Human Pathogens: A Journey through the Advances in RNA Technologies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Vanessa G.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7267-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0458-1036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Saramago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta V.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cec\u00edlia M.","family":"Arraiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3832-7474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra C.","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-7562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rute G.","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-021-00524-7","article-title":"Endogenous reverse transcriptase and RNase H-mediated antiviral mechanism in embryonic stem cells","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00242.x","article-title":"The critical role of RNA processing and degradation in the control of gene expression","volume":"34","author":"Arraiano","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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