{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T09:30:17Z","timestamp":1774863017432,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Red Cross","award":["FNS-31003A_163432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNS-31003A_163432"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Red Cross","award":["FNS-407240_177381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNS-407240_177381"]}]},{"name":"University of Fribourg","award":["FNS-31003A_163432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNS-31003A_163432"]}]},{"name":"University of Fribourg","award":["FNS-407240_177381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNS-407240_177381"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["FNS-31003A_163432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNS-31003A_163432"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["FNS-407240_177381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNS-407240_177381"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bivalves are filter-feeding organisms and biomarkers of bacterial pollution. Our study aimed to analyze the occurrence and characteristics of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli among bivalves. A total of 522 bivalve samples were collected along Portuguese shellfish production areas. Homogenized samples were screened for E. coli contamination on corresponding selective plates, allowing for concomitant growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. E. coli growth was observed in 39% of the samples. Subsequent selective screening identified nine samples (4.4%) contaminated with ESBL producers, corresponding to E. coli (n = 7) and K. pneumoniae (n = 2), while a single carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (0.5%) was identified. ESBLs were all CTX-M-types commonly identified in human isolates, i.e., CTX-M-32 (n = 4), CTX-M-15 (n = 4), and CTX-M-14 (n = 1). The carbapenemase producer harbored the blaGES-5 gene located on a ColE plasmid. Clonality was evaluated by multilocus sequence typing, identifying E. coli backgrounds as ST10, ST23, ST540, ST617, ST746, SLV206, and SLV2325, commonly identified among environmental and human strains. The K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to ST834, ST15, and DLV644. The occurrence of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in bivalves reveals how the marine environment constitutes a reservoir of critical bacterial pathogens, thus potentially representing a risk to human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T02:28:17Z","timestamp":1675736897000},"page":"415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among Bivalves from Portuguese Shellfish Production Areas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Samanta","family":"Freire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Portuguese Red Cross, 1600-680 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Grilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Portuguese Red Cross, 1600-680 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Portuguese Red Cross, 1600-680 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e Atmosfera, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e Atmosfera, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6745-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e Atmosfera, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5160-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Poirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"},{"name":"INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5036-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Aires-de-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Portuguese Red Cross, 1600-680 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa\u2014Lisboa (ESSCVP-Lisboa), 1300-125 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02091","article-title":"A state-of-art review on multi-drug resistant pathogens in foods of animal origin: Risk factors and mitigation strategies","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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